Cells
By: Kashyia Henry
Cell Organelles
Nucleus- the control center of the cell.
Nucleolus- the region in the nucleus where DNA is.
Mitochondria- produces energy for the cell.
Lysosome- digest the cell's waste.
Cell Membrane- protects the cell.
Golgi Apparatus- packages and transports proteins.
Cell Wall- provides structure and support only in plant cell.
Cytoskeleton- gives the cell structure.
Smooth ER- makes lipids, hormones and breaks down toxin.
Rough ER- makes proteins.
Vacuole- stores water, nutrients, waste and other substances only in plant cells.
Chloroplast- use light energy (photosynthesis) only in plant cells.
Cytoplasm- liquid surrounding all cell organelles.
Chromosomes- scrunched up DNA.
Lipid Layer
- Lipid layer, also called a lipid bilayer is phospholipids arranged in a double layer.
- A phospholipid is a phosphate and two fatty acids connected together.
- A enzyme is a protein that helps speed reaction.
- A receptor protein is a protein that receives chemical signals from each other.
- A signal protein is a protein that helps to identify the types of cells.
- A transport protein is a protein that go through the cell membrane that allows things to go in and out
Lipid Bilayer
Phospholipid
Lipid Bilayer
With different types of proteins.
Cell Transport
There are two different types of cell transport, active and passive transport.
- Active transport - movement using energy (ATP) against concentration gradient.
- Passive transport - movement along the concentration gradient, no energy needed.
- Diffusion - random movement
- Osmosis - diffusion of water
- Facilitated Diffusion - helper protein allows movement along the concentration gradient
- Na/K pump - ATP sends out three sodium atoms and brings in two potassium atoms
- Endocytosis - moving cells inside
- Exocytosis - releasing large particles