Cardiovascular System
By: Megan Sullivan
Blood Flow
The Conducting System
The conducting system provides the heart its automatic rhythmic beat. For the heart to pump efficiently and the systemic and pulmonary circulations to operate in synchrony, the events in the cardiac cycle must be coordinated. a separate system know as the bronchial circulation supplies blood to the tissue of the large airway of the lung.
The Cardiac Cycle
Chambers, Valves, Pericardium, and Major blood vessels
- Chambers: the heat has 4 chambers. left atria, right atria, left ventricle, right ventricle
- Valves: A valve connects each atrium to the ventricle below it. The mirtal valve connects the left atrium with the left ventricle. The tricuspid valve connects the right atrium with the right ventricle.
- Pericardium: The pericardium holds the heart in place and helps it work properly. The sac is made of two thin layers of tissue that enclose your heart. Between the two layers is a small amount of fluid. This fluid keeps the layers from rubbing against each other and causing friction.
- Major blood vessels: Aorta, Left and Right pulmonary arteries, pulmonary trunk, Left and Right pulmonary veins, superior inferior vena cava
- Aorta: The aorta is the largest vessel in the body. The aorta branches into several different arteries which carry oxygenated blood from the heart to different parts of the body.
-The Pulmonary trunk carries the non oxygen to the Left and Right pulmonary arteries. The Left and Right pulmonary arteries take the non oxygen to the lungs.
- Superior inferior vena cava: The left superior pulmonary vein returns blood from the upper left lobe of the lung back to the heart.
Arteries, Veins, and Capillaries
* The muscular wall of the artery helps the heart pump the blood.
*When the heart beats, the artery expands as it fills with blood.
* when the heart relaxes, the artery contracts, exerting a force that is strong enough to push the blood along.
*An artery has three layers: an outer layer of tissue, a muscular middle, and an inner layer of epithelial cells.
-Veins:
*They transport blood at a lower pressure
*The veins transport waste-rich blood back to the lungs and heart.
*Veins have valves within them to prevent backflow of blood
*The veins have to have more blood in them than the arteries
* Veins are found throughout the body.
-Capillaries:
*Capillaries are very thin and fragile
*Capillaries are very thin and fragile
* They are so thin that blood cells can only pass through them in single file
*The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place through the thin capillary wall.
* The arteries pass their oxygen-rich blood to the capillaries which allow the exchange of gases within the tissue. The capillaries then pass their waste-rich blood to the veins for transport back to the heart.
*Capillaries are also involved in the body’s release of excess heat.
Blood Pressure
Pulse
- Three pulse points are located on each side of the head and neck: 1. over the superficial temporal artery in front of the ear, 2. the common carotid artery in the neck along the front edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, 3. over the facial artery at the lower margin of the mandible at the point below the corner of the mouth.
- A pulse is also detected at three points in the upper limb: 1. in the axilla over the axillary artery, 2. over the brachial artery at the bend of the elbow along the inner or medial margin of the biceps brachii muscle, 3. at the radial artery at the wrist.
- The pulse also can be felt at three locations in the lower extremity: 1. over the femoral artery in the groin, 2. at the popliteal artery behind and just proximal to the knee, 3. at the dorsalis pedis artery on the front surface of the foot, just below the bend of the ankle joint.
ECG
3 Blood Test
- WBC count: A complete blood count (CBC) gives important information about the kinds and numbers of cells in the blood, especially red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
- Hematocrit test: The hematocrit may be used to screen for, diagnose, or monitor a number of conditions and diseases that affect the proportion of the blood made up of red blood cell
Stroke Volume
Erythroblastosis Fetalis
Possible Cause
Erthroblastosis Sensitization during Pregnancy
Who gets Erthroblastosis sensitization during pregnancy
How is Erthroblastosis sensitization prevented
Treatment
The Babies Pulse
Web Pages
"How does the blood flow through the body." The Q&A wiki. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2013. <http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_does_the_blood_flow_through_the_body>.
"Pulmonary Trunk." Discover the Human Body: Interactive Anatomy Guide | InnerBody.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2013. <http://www.innerbody.com/image_cardov/card49-new.html>.
"Pulmonary Trunk." Discover the Human Body: Interactive Anatomy Guide | InnerBody.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2013. <http://www.innerbody.com/image_cardov/card49-new.html>.
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