Chemistry Of Life
Marquan Rogers, Lucas Rigel
Water, (adhesion, cohesion, polarity, heat storage, pH)
Cohesion: Water appears to stick together as if it's held together by skin. It makes water be in drops instead of spreading apart and making a mess.
Adhesion: When water attracts to unlike molecules instead of like molecules like cohesion does.
Polarity: There are 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom on water. The hydrogen atoms are positive and the oxygen atom being negative. This creates the polarity.
Heat Storage: The heat storage of water varies depending on the amount of water. The more water there is the more heat it can hold. Heat storage is how much heat a substance can hold.
pH Scale: The pH scale measures the base and acid of a substance. Water is more of a base than acid.
Macromolecules In General
Types of Macromolecules
Different types of macromolecules are Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acid, and Carbohydrates.
Macromolecules in General
Macromolecules are many things, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acid, and Carbohydrates. Lipids are basically just fats. Proteins are anything with 1 or more chains of Nucleic Acid, hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen. Nucleic Acids are organic substances in living sells. Finally carbohydrates are any group of organic compounds in foods, living tissues, with starch, sugars, and cellulose.
Carbohydrates!
What are Carbohydrates? - any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose. They contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water (2:1).
Starch
Potatoes are a excellent source of starch
Sugar
A Hershey's Chocolate Bar has sugars in it.
Cellulose
Broccoli is a good source of cellulose.
List for Functions of Carbohydrates
- Providing energy and regulation of blood glucose
- Sparing the use of proteins for energy
- Breakdown of fatty acids and preventing ketosis
- Biological recognition processes
- Flavor and Sweeteners
- Dietary fiber
Proteins!
Proteins are large molecules consisting of amino acids which our bodies and the cells in our bodies need to function properly. Our body structures, functions, the regulation of the body's cells, tissues and organs cannot exist without proteins.
Fish
Fish is a high source of protein.
Eggs
Eggs carry a large amount of protein. The egg whites and the egg yolk have protein.
Grilled Chicken
Chicken is a good source of proteins.
This is the structure of a protein
This is the structure of the 20 amino acids.
Nucleic Acids
DNA and RNA are two different types of Nucleic Acids. Nucleic Acids have molecules that have a long chain of nucleotides.
This is a picture of RNA
This is a picture of ATP
This is a picture of DNA
Lipids!
Lipids are basically fats. It includes oils, waxes, and steroids. Lipids are insoluble in water and have fatty acids.
A Lipid chain
This is what a chain of fatty acids looks like
Saturated Fats
One of 3 fat types
Chains of Lipids
These are different chains of fatty acids, saturated and unsaturated fats.
Enzymes!
Enzymes are the same type of macro-molecule that proteins are. Enzymes serve to someone as a catalyst. An enzyme is specific for its substrate. The substrate is the key and the enzyme is the lock. If an enzyme loses its shape it loses its function so the shape matters just like a lock and a key. Without the right temp and pH for a enzyme it will lose its catalytic process rendering it useless.