Developmental Psychology
By; Stephanie Veser
Parenting Styles
There are four types of parenting styles. Authoritarian, Democratic, Permissive, and Uninvolved.
Authoritarian
Pros; Children are held to high standards, so they do very well in school. Also they are well disciplined so this will help with behavioral issues.
Cons; Poor life schools, no rewards for good behavior
Democratic
Pros; considered to be an ideal way of raising children, consider their kids as equals, It makes the children independent and capable of making their own decisions.
Cons; This style needs to be adopted when the children are small. Because when this style is adopted on younger children, it is more likely that a situation can arise wherein the children question parents instructions or decisions. It requires a lot of time and effort from the parents involved.
Permissive
Pros; Kids tend to like it more in the teen stage, parents trust children more
Cons; Act like friends with their kids, very lenient, not many rules
Uninvolved
Pros; Learn things on there own at early age
Cons; Kids feel neglected, no discipline, do whatever they want, stress/anxiety from lack of family support
Language Development
6 months; Vocalization with intonation
Responds to his name
Responds to human voices without visual cues by turning his head and eyes
Responds appropriately to friendly and angry tones
12 months;
Uses one or more words with meaning
Understands simple instructions, especially if vocal or physical cues are given
Practices inflection
18 months;
Has vocabulary of approximately 5-20 words
Vocabulary made up chiefly of nouns
24 months;
Approximately 2/3 of what child says should be intelligible
Vocabulary of approximately 150-300 words
Rhythm and fluency often poor
Volume and pitch of voice not yet well-controlled
Can use two pronouns correctly like I, me, you, although me and I are often confused
etc.
Kohlberg's Theory
Level 1 (Pre-Conventional)
1. Obedience and punishment orientation (How can I avoid punishment?)
2. Self-interest orientation (What's in it for me?)(Paying for a benefit)
Level 2 (Conventional)
3. Interpersonal accord and conformity (Social norms)(The good boy/girl attitude)
4. Authority and social-order maintaining orientation (Law and order morality)
Level 3 (Post-Conventional)
5. Social contract orientation
6. Universal ethical principles (Principled conscience)