Middle Ages
By Jaeden Staedter
How the Black Death started.
The process repeated itself. By the year 1348, the disease had reached Italy, Spain, England, and France. But, it did not stop there either. In the following year, the plague spread to Austria, Holland, Hungary, Switzerland, and Germany. In 1350, people in Scandinavia and the Baltic countries began their struggle against the beast now known as The Black Death.
The food in the fresh state.
Food in the fresh state
Of all butchers' meat, veal was reckoned the best. In fact, calves intended for the tables of the upper classes were fed in a special manner: they were allowed for six months, or even for a year, nothing but milk, which made their flesh most tender and delicate. Contrary to the present taste, kid was more appreciated than lamb, which caused butchers to attach the tail of a kid to a lamb, so as to deceive the customer and sell him a less expensive meat at the higher price. Regulations, sometimes eccentric, but almost always rigidly enforced, to ensure a supply of meat of the best quality and in a healthy state. In England, butchers were only allowed to kill bulls after they had been baited with dogs, no doubt with the view of making the flesh more tender. To the many regulations affecting the interests of the public must be added that forbidding butchers to sell meat on days when abstinence from animal food was ordered by the Church. These regulations applied less to the vendors than to the consumers, who, by disobeying them, were liable to fine or imprisonment, or to severe corporal punishment by the whip or in the pillory.
Torture if you were a bad person in the Middle Ages.
Middle Ages torture wouldn’t be complete without this device, which was used to extract information out of a person. The head crusher has an upper cap, under which a person’s head was placed, and a bottom bar, above which the chin was positioned. There’s a top screw that the tormentor could slowly turn in order to squeeze the skull of his prisoner.
Slowly but surely, the person was literally squashed to death. The teeth were usually the first to go, smashing and disintegrating into the jaw. The eyes followed as they were squashed from the eye sockets. Finally, the skull broke, and the contents of the head spilled onto the floor. For maximum enjoyment of the torturer, the metal skull cap could also be hit from time to time in the earlier stages of torture. This caused pain to vibrate throughout the human body.
Transportation
In 400 A.D., muddy tracks replaced roads. This was, of course, a huge change in the transportation of this time. However, there were many many more changes to follow.
In the year 800 A.D., mapmakers in the middle east made maps taking the idea of the Earth being a sphere into consideration.
Then, In 1050, a new map of the world was made. What would be called an atlas in our time, was called the Mappa Mundi in the medieval times. It showed the parts of Asia and and Africa that Europeans knew of. It became the most commonly used map in Western Europe.
After that , 4 wheeled wagons were more common, instead of 2 wheeled carts in 1100.
Finally, in 1375, Europeans took in the ideas of latitude and longitude. This helped many people locate the exact points on a map of the world. Since then, many well-known people came and went, shaping the world of transportation into what we have today.