The Sun
Flyer by Max Collins
The Core
In the center of the Sun lies it's core. Inside the core is where Nuclear Fusion, the process which powers the sun, occurs. Also, the core's temperature is about 27 million degrees Fahrenheit, but isn't the hottest layer.
The Radiative Zone
The Radiative Zone is the zone in between the Core and the Convective Zone. In this zone, energy is created by the nuclear fusion in the Core and it moves outwards as electromagnetic radiation.
The Convective Zone
After the Radiative Zone lies the Convective Zone. As the name entails, convection occurs in this zone. This is actually responsible for the granulation pattern seen on the surface of the Sun.
The Photosphere
The Photosphere is the visible surface of the sun. This layer is only 100 km long, which is small for the sun. Using a telescope, you can see features such as dark sunspots, faculae, and granules.
The Chromosphere
The Chromosphere is a strange layer. During total solar eclipses, colorful emissions can be seen in prominences. That is why the Chromoshpere got it's name(color-sphere). Temperatures on the Chromosphere range from 6,000 to 20,000 degrees Celsius, which allows for the colorful emissions.
The Corona
The Corona is the outermost layer of the Sun. Since the Corona is 1 million times not as bright as the photosphere, it is only visible during a solar eclipse.
Sunspots
Sunspots are cooler areas on the photosphere. They are about 2000 degrees Kelvin less than the photosphere and are about 50,000 km in diameter.
Prominence
A solar prominence is an arc shaped eruption of gas from the sun. They are held above the sun by strong magnetic fields, and these can last for multiple months at a time.
Solar Flares
A solar flare is a magnetic storm on the Sun that appears very bright. They release large amounts of gases and particles that lots of energy and heat.
Auroras
An aurora is when oxygen and nitrogen molecules release photons because of solar particles and magnetic fields. Examples include the Northern and Southern Lights
Citations
http://www.windows2universe.org/sun/Solar_interior/Sun_layers/radiative_zone.html
http://www.windows2universe.org/sun/Solar_interior/Sun_layers/Convection_zone/convection_zone.html
http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/surface.shtml
http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/chromos.shtml
http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/sun/corona.html
http://www.space.com/14736-sunspots-sun-spots-explained.html
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/sun/prominences.shtml
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/gallery/aurora-index.html#.VyjpytIrLZ4