States of Matter!
They MATTER.
So... What are states of matter?
You may be wondering: What are states of matter? Well, wonder no more because here's your answer! To understand these states, we have to know what matter is. Matter is any substance that takes up space and has mass. So, states of matter are the different types of matter.
Liquid
Liquid is one state of matter. Liquid has touching and flowing particles and no definite shape. It has definite volume and takes the shape of it's container. It is smack in the middle of the heat arrow. Examples are water and soda.
Solid
Solid is another state of matter. It has touching, rigid particles and has a specific shape. It has a definite volume and will not take the shape of it's container. It's second to last on the heat arrow. Examples include ice or cups.
Gas
The 3rd state of matter is gas. All of it's particles are separate, ti has no definite shape, and if it's unconstrained it will spread indefinitely. It has no definite volume, unless constrained and it will take the shape of it's container. It is second to the top on the heat arrow. Examples include oxygen and hydrogen.
plasma
Plasma is another state of matter. It is made of free electrons and ions of the element. It is not regular on earth. they require special conditions to keep going. It is at the very top of the heat ladder. Examples include neon signs and aurora borealis.
Bose Einstein Condensate
Bose Einstein is the final state of matter. It was discovered by scientist Bose and Einstein, ironically enough ;)
It occurs when liquids or gasses reach a specific low temperature. At the temperature, all particles lose their individual properties for 10 seconds and behave as one. It is on the way bottom of the heat arrow. Examples are superconductors and superfluids.
Physical/Chemical Change
There are 2 types of matter changes: physical and chemical. Physical change affects physical things like shape or size. The atoms do not rearrange. They are easily reversed and no new energy is created. An example would be cutting a cake or ripping a piece of paper.
However, chemical change is different. It can take a long time and happens on a much smaller scale. New substance IS created and it isn't always easily to notice. Energy is often also created, and the changes are generally irreversible. Examples are iron rusting or a cake baking.
Changes in matter
- Freezing: liquid-solid (water-ice)
- Melting: solid-liquid (ice-water)
- Vaporization: liquid-gas (water-vapor)
- Condensation: gas-liquid (vapor-water)
- Deposition: gas-solid (co2 in a fire extinguisher)
- Sublimation: solid-gas (dry ice-co2)
- Ionization: gas-plasma
- Deionization: plasma-gas