Modern Era 1750 - 1900
Mackenzie Smith
Chinese reject British requests for open trade 1793
The Macartney Embassy met with the Qianlong Emperor who rejects the British request for open trade. China had just started to grow opium and the British wanted some
Napoleon invades Egypt 1798
The French directory ordered Napoleon to invade Egypt in hopes of cutting of their communications with India.
Famine and rebellions in Japan 1830's
The Tenpo Famine, lasting from 1833 till 1837, was caused by flooding and cold weather.
Tanzimat reforms in the Ottoman Empires 1839
The tanizimat reforms was an attempt to modernize the Ottoman Empire and to secure its territorial integrity against nationalist movements from within and aggressive powers from outside of the state in 1839.
Taiping uprising in China 1850-1864
The taiping rebellion lasted from 1850 to 1864, which was fought between the established Manchu led Qing dynasty and the Christian millenarian movement of the heavenly kingdom of peace.
First opium war 1838-1842
Concluded by the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842. It was fought between China and the British.
Second opium war 1856-1858
British fought to legalize the opium trade. eventually more than 80 treaty ports were established in China. It was fought between Britain and France against China
What is opium?
Opium is the dried latex obtained from the opium poppy. The active ingredients in opium are morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine, and noscapine. Opium was typically for drug use.
Boxer rebellion in China 1899-1901
A Chinese secrete organization called the Society of The Righteous and Harmonious Fists led an uprising to stop western and Japanese influence.
Young Turks takeover Ottoman Empire 1908
The young Turks helped establish the second constitutional era, ushering in a new era of muliparty democracy for the first time in the country's history.
Chinese revolution 1911
The Chinese revolution was the revolution that overthrew China's last imperial dynasty. The revolution arose mainly in response to the decline of the Qing state, which had proven ineffective in its efforts to modernize China and confront foreign aggression.
Self strengthening movement 1861-1895
The self strengthening movement was a period of institutional reforms initiated in China during the late Qing dynasty following a series of military defeats and concessions to foreign powers.
Sick man of Europe
The Ottoman Empire shrank considerably because of Russian, British, Austrian, and French aggression. Napoleon's invasion of Egypt made a bigger impact.