Bonds Science
By Wesley Hargrave and Matthew Bouse
Drawing Ionic Bonds
Follow your teacher’s directions to complete each ionic bond.
1- Write the symbols for each element.
2 - Use Fruit Pebbles (or other cereal/candy with more
than one color) to create the Lewis structure for each.
3 - Draw an arrow (or more if needed) to show the
transfer of electrons and move the cereal to the new location.
4 - Determine the charge for each ion and write the formula.
5 - Make sure the sum of the oxidation numbers is zero
and write the chemical formula.
6 - Have the students use a pencil or crayon to draw the
electrons as they remove the pieces of cereal.
Ionic Bonds
Drawing Covalent Bonds
Follow your teacher’s directions to complete each covalent bond.
1- Write the symbols for each element.
2 - Use Fruity Pebbles (or other cereal/candy with more
than one color) to create the Lewis structure for each.
3 - Rearrange the electrons (or cereal pieces) to pair up
electrons from each atom.
4 - Draw circles to show the sharing of electrons.
5 - Draw the bond structure using symbols and lines. Use
one line for each pair of electrons that is shared.
6 - Write the chemical formula for each molecule.
7 - Have the students use a pencil or crayon to draw the
electrons as they remove the pieces of cereal.
Covalent Bonds
Covalent bonding occurs when pairs of electrons are shared by atoms. Atoms will covalently bond with other atoms in order to gain more stability, which is gained by forming a full electron shell. By sharing their outer most (valence) electrons, atoms can fill up their outer electron shell and gain stability. Nonmetals will readily form covalent bonds with other nonmetals in order to obtain stability, and can form anywhere between one to three covalent bonds with other nonmetals depending on how many valence electrons they posses. Although it is said that atoms share electrons when they form covalent bonds, they do not usually share the electrons equally.
Bonds Image Gallery
Videos about Bonds
About Metalltic Bonds
A metallic bond is pretty different from covalent and ionic bonds, but the goal is the same: to achieve a lower energy state. Instead of a bond between just two atoms, a metallic bond is a sharing of electrons between many atoms of a metal element.
Examples of Metallic Bonds
Battle of the Bonds
Bonds in your Body
Covalent
For atoms that make multiple bonds such as oxygen which makes two bonds, for example, two or more electrons can be shared between one or more other atoms. Hydrogen atoms are one of the few exceptions to the octet rule, which states that all atoms want 8 electrons in their valence shell to reach their most stable state. So in water, which is two hydrogens bonded to one oxygen, the two bonding sites of water are both taken up by a hydrogen. Some examples include glucose and water.
Ionic
Ionic bonds are usually found in dry forms such as salts and are found in compounds throughout the human body. Ionic compounds are generally water soluble.Ionic bonds play an important role in shaping tertiary and quaternary proteins. As a protein undergoes its folding process, certain atoms on the protein will be attracted to one another and will from ionic bonds that hold the general shape of a protein together.Much like protein shapes, ionic bonds help determine the shapes of chromosomes depending on what atoms bond to each other. There are many different ionic compounds (salts) in cells. Ions are used to maintain cell potentials and are important in cell signaling and muscle contraction. As ions move in and out of cells, they can build up positive and negative charges on different sides of those cells. Once these charges build up, they can trigger a reaction such as muscle or nerve contraction. Some examples include NaCI and calcium oxalate.