Microscopic Monsters
Recent Water Born Diseases Outbreak
Waterborne Diseases by Bacteria
Cholera
Symptoms & Reproduction
Cholera is a infection of the intestine, which begins with watery diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. Untreated cholera can lead to dehydration and death. If untreated, 50% of people with severe cholera will die, but treatment reduces this to less than 1% of cases.
Vibrio cholerae colonize and multiply in the small intestine. They reproduce using an asexual process called binary Fission. in Binary Fission, the cell splits into two daughter cells, which go and do the same.
Cholera Description
The scientific name of the bacteria is Vibro cholerae.
This is a Eubacteria
You might catch it in brackish or salt water.
Vibrio cholerae causes Cholera when an organism drinks water that had been contaminated with the bacteria. The water is usually contaminated with the bacteria when an infected organism drops feces into a water source. You can also catch it by eating raw or under cooked seafood.
Treatments and Prevention
- proper personal hygiene and food hygiene
- safe drinking water
- disposal of human feces
- Rehydration- restore lost fluids and salts
- Antibiotic- reduces the amount of fluid needed to survive
- Zinc -reduces diarrhea illness
Cholera Bibliography
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Oct. 2014. Web. 13 May 2016.
Typhoid Fever
Symptoms and Reproduction
People with Typhoid usually have sustained fevers as high as 103-104 degrees F. they might also feel weak, have stomach pains, headaches, or loss of appetite. in some cases, patients may have a rash of flat, rose colored spots. the only way to be sure that you have have typhoid though is to have stool or blood samples tested for the presence of Salmonella typhi. Salmonella typhi uses an asexual mode of reproduction called binary fission in which a mother cell splits into two daughter cells.
Typhoid Description
The scientific name of the bacteria is Salmonella typhi. This is a Eubacteria. Salmonella typhi is spread through contaminated food, drink ,or water. Salmonella typhi can only live in the human body. the bacteria can be deposited into a water or food source by a human carrier and then spread to whoever uses these sources. although insect vectors do play a small role in spreading the bacteria, the main cause is poor hygiene and public sanitation.
Treatments and Prevention
- Antibiotics have been commonly used to treat typhoid in developing countries
- Vaccines for typhoid fever are advised for people traveling to places in which the disease is common.
- Wash your hands with warm soapy water
- Avoid drinking untreated water
- Avoid raw fruits and vegetables
- Take your antibiotics
- Wash your hands often
- Avoid handling food
Typhoid Fever Bibliography
"Typhoid." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 14 May 2013. Web. 16 May 2016.
"Typhoid Fever: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia." U.S National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 16 May 2016.
Waterborne diseases by protist
Giardiasis
Symptoms and Reproduction
Some time if you get Giardiasis, there might not be any symptoms, but most times you will have diarrhea, gas, stomach or abdominal cramps, upset stomach, nausea, vomiting, and/or dehydration. Giardias intestinalis reproduces using an asexual reproduction called binary fission. In binary fission, a mother cell splits into 2 new daughter cells.
Giardiasis Description
The scientific name of this protist is Giardia intestinalis. Another name of this Protist is bever fever.Giardia intestinalis is mainly found near other parasites in fecal matter. Giardia intestinalis is also mainly found in streams and bodies of water that are contaminated. The bodies of water may be contaminated by sewage problems, runoff, and floods.
Treatments and Prevention
- boil water
- store in tight space and refrigerate
- use filters that has the following labels (reverse osmosis, absolute pore size less than 1 micron, tested and certified by NSF Standard 53)
- drugs like metronidazole
- tinidazole
- nitazoxanide
Giardiasis Bibliography
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 01 July 2015. Web. 17 May 2016.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 21 July 2015. Web. 17 May 2016.
"Water Treatment Solutions." Water Related Diseases, Giardiasis. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 May 2016.
Cryptosporiodiosis
Symptoms and Reproduction
Cryptosporiodiosis Description
Treatments and Pervention
- People with immune systems should be rid of the disease without treatment
- Try to drink lots of water to avoid dehydration
- Anti-diarrheal medicine may help slow down diarrhea, but a healthcare provider should be consulted before such medicine is taken
- Practice good hyguiene
- Thoroughly wash your hands
- Purify Drinking Water
- Limit swimming activities
- Avoid fecal exposure
cryptosporidiosis bibliography
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 05 Aug. 2015. Web. 17 May 2016
"Life Cycle of Cryptosporidium." Life Cycle of Cryptosporidium. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 May 2016.
"Cryptosporidium Infection." Prevention. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 May 2016.
Waterborne Diseases By Animals
Symptoms and Reproduction
Most signs of symptoms start with rashes and itchy skins. As the parasite matures, the host will begin with fevers, chills, coughs, and aches. If left untreated, the host might get blood in urine and enlarged liver or spleen. In children, there will be a negative impact in growth, nutrition status, and cognitive development. Very rarely, the nervous system is affected causing seizures, paralysis, or spinal inflammation. This parasite reproduces sexually to lay eggs in their host and to infect others.
Schistosomiasis Description
There are many scientific names for this parasite, but one of the main infections of humans was Schistomsoma japonicum. Another name of this animal parasite is snail fever and bilharzia. This parasite usually is in freshwater snails in freshwater sources and emerge out of them contaminating the water source. Humans come in contact of the water and get infected. The parasites penetrates the skin and lays their eggs in various tissues which then hatches and comes out of the host to infect snails again.
Treatments and Pervention
Prevention
- Avoid swimming in freshwater of countries in which this parasite occurs
- Boil water before drinking
- Boil water and cool it before bathing in it
- Vigorously dry the towel
- There is a safe and effective medication for this disease, Praziquantel is taken 1-2 days to treat infections
Schistosomiasis Bibliography
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 07 Nov. 2012. Web. 17 May 2016.
"Water Treatment Solutions." Esquistomiasis, Bilharziasis O Fiebre De Caracol. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 May 2016.
"Water-related Diseases." WHO. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 May 2016.