Acid and Base
Emily Hite / 2 period / march 22, 2015
Acids & Bases
Acids:
- tastes sour
- conducts electricity
- corrosive
- react stongly with metals
- turns blue litmus paper red
- H+ ion
- can cause chemical burns and are dangerous to human tissue
Bases:
- feels slippery
- tastes bitter
- corrosive
- can conduct electricity
- turns red litmus paper blue
- OH ion
- can cause respiratory distress and fire hazards
pH Scale
pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is.
The pH scale ranges from 0-14.
A solution with a pH below 7 is acidic.
A solution with a pH of 7 is neutral.
A solution with a pH above 7 is basic.
Vocabulary
- Cation: negative charged ion
- Anion: positive charged ion
- Arrhenius acid: ionizes in water to produce H+ or H3O
- Arrhenius base: dissociates in water to produce OH
- Bronsted Lowery acid: substance that can donate a H+
- Bronsted Lowery base: substance that can accept H+
- Dissociation: the splitting of a molecule into smaller molecules, atoms, or ions, especially by a reversible process
- Conductivity: the degree to which a specified material conducts electricity
- Neutralization: a chemical reaction in which an acid and base react quantitatively with eachother
- pH: the negative log of the activity of the hydrogen ion in an aqueous solution
- Hydronium ion: cation H3O+, produced by protonation of water
- Hydroxide ion: diatomic anion OH-
- Hydrogen ion; positive proton, H+
Mind Map
Common Household Items
Acids:
- Lemon Juice
- Vinegar
- Batteries
- Soft Drinks
- Spot Remover
Bases:
- Baking Soda
- Baking Powder
- Glass Cleaner (ammonia)
- Bleach
- Soap
Summary
Not all acids and bases are dangerous. Actually, acids and bases can be found everywhere, in houses, in food, drinks, supermarkets, even in your body. Acids and bases can be determined by taste, conductivity, and by the color it turns litmus paper. Acids have a pH lower than 7 while bases have a pH higher than 7. Acids are H+ ions and bases are OH ions. Whether people realize it or not, acids and bases are all around us, but are not always a hazard, unless they are used wrong.