The Sun!
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Core and radiative/convection zone
The suns core (small bright white middle) is the center region where nuclear reactions form helium by consuming hydrogen.
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The radiative zone is a section of the suns interior that is between the core and the convection zone.
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The convection zone is where light is created.
Photosphere
Deepest layer of the sun. Most of the photosphere is covered by granulation and is 11,00 to 6,700 degrees Fahrenheit. It is the most visible part of the sun.
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Chromosphere
The chromosphere is 2000-3000 km thick. It glows faintly relative to the photosphere and can only be seen easily in a total solar eclipse.
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Corona
The corona is the outermost layer of the Sun.
The corona cannot be seen with the naked eye except during a total solar eclipse, or with the use of a coronagraph.
Sun Spots
Sunspots are the darker cooler areas on the surface of the sun in a region called the photosphere
Prominence
Solar prominences are a large bright feature extending outward from the Sun's surface.
Flare
Solar flares occur when magnetic energy build up in the solar atmosphere and is suddenly released.
Aurora
Auroras are an effect of energetic particles. They can speed out from the sun in a steam called the solar wind, due to giant eruptions known as CMEs.