Social- Emotional Development
Birth-age 2
Temperment
- Refers to quality and intensity of emotional reactions
- 3 factors are passivity, irritability, activity patterns
- Passivity- actively involved child is with surroundings
- Irritability- tendency to feel distressed
- Activity Patterns- levels of movement
- Temperaments vary with each child
Attachment
- emotional connection that develops between people
- Attach to people who care for them
-mothers, fathers, caregivers, older siblings
- Attachment behaviors are shown by infants:
-kicking, gurgling, laughing, crying, clinging
- Separation anxiety- child protests because a familiar caregiver is leaving
- Child cries as a sign of stress
- Signs show at 6 months of age
- Strongest at 15 months of age
- Gradually weakens after this point
Birth to three months
Distress shown by crying
Three to six months
Respond to people by laughter
Six to twelve months
Actively involved with caregivers
Changes over Time
Birth to three months:
- Do not have refined emotions
- General excitement and distress are only emotions
- Excitement shown by smiling or wiggling
- Distress shown by crying
- No tears when child cries
Three to six months:
- Respond to people with smiles and laughter
- Make happy sounds when held or fed
- start to notice and smile at other babies
- Crying still used to show distress
- Tears begin to appear
- Use different cries to signal distress
Six to twelve months:
- Actively involved with caregivers
- When played with, children express happiness
- Make sounds in response to speech
- Have developed attachment to their caregivers
- May cry at sight of strangers
- May be most difficult stage for parent
- Separation anxiety starts now
Twelve to twenty-four months:
- Separation anxiety shown early in this stage
- become more interested in exploring
- Still fear the unfamiliar
- Curious about new places and objects
- Become interested in other children
- Become aware of self abilities
- this becomes a source of joy and anger
- Say "no" to see what will happen