IPS Exam Study Guide
Chapter 1-3
Safety Notes
-fire extinguisher
-fire blanket
-eye wash/shower
Chemicals
- don't eat or touch
- waft liquids, not solids or powders
-wash hands with soap and water
Glass
- hot and cold glass look the same
- don't use broken glass
- never use force to insert or remove glass
Alcohol Burners
- roll up sleeves, put hair up
- don't walk away from lit burner
- never point end of hot test tube at someone or yourself
- don't look into test tube
Diluting Acid
- acid to water
- never water to acid
- exothermic reaction
- water will sit on acid and could splash out
Chapter 1
Reaction in a bag
- liquid B is cold
- need a liquid for a reaction
- need red liquid to turn yellow
- pressure comes from any liquid
Experimental errors
- solid A and solid B mix
----- small hole in bag
- gas escapes
----won't see pressure build up
Heated Baking Soda
- baking soda turns into different substance
- gas comes from baking soda (carbon dioxide)
- gas forms condensation on top
Experimental Errors:
- a hole in the tubing
----- gas escapes and won't see reaction
- rubber stopper not on tight enough
----- gas escapes and won't see water leave bottle
Balance notes
2. zero balance
3. never switch pans
4. pick up balance by red bar
volume notes
volume: LxWxH
unit of measure for length: meters
1 meter is 100 centimeters
1 ml= 1 cm3
volume of liquids
- use graduated cylinder
- check intervals
Volume of Displacement of Water
Experimental Errors:
- pour sand into water
- ---volume of sand and water will increase
- read the sand level instead of water level
----- volume of sand and water too low
- funnel could be tilted, sand will stick to sides
-----volume of sand and water will be lower
Measurement Notes
- 1 meter is 100 centimeters
- 1 kilogram is 2.2 pounds
Sensitivity of a Balance
- change in mass/ number of yes's
Experimental Errors:
- having written on the paper
------adds mass
- not cut out a 20x20 piece of paper
----mass will change
Chapter 2
The mass of dissolved salt
Experimental Errors:
- cleaning the pan in between Mi and Mf
------ you lose mass
- pour salt into water and spill
----- lead to decrease in mass
- cap is not on tight and water spills out
----- decrease in mass
- bottle is wet on outside during Mi-
-----decrease in mass
- remove cap before Mf
-----decrease in mass
The Mass of Ice and Water
It's a closed system so there is no change in mass
The condensation comes from water vapor hitting the cold surface and turning into a liquid. It comes from the outside so must be wiped off.Experimental Errors:
- not wiping off condensation
---- adds mass
- shaking the bottle
---- water spills out, losing mass
- open lid and some of the water evaporates
---- loses mass
- don't dry off bottle before Mi
---- adds mass
Mass of Copper and Sulfur
It's a closed system so there is no change in mass
- use a sheet instead of a stopper because stopper would fly off- liquid came from water in sulfur
Experimental Errors:
- shake test tube, sulfur sticks to the sides
---- no reaction
- hole in rubber sheet
---gas would exit, loss in mass
- sheet is not on tight or fold in the sheet
---gas escapes, loss in mass
Mass of a Gas
Experimental Errors:
- cap is not on tight enough
--- loss in mass
- wet on outside of bottle
---add mass
- not dry cap
---add mass
Conservation of Mass
Laws of Nature
- laws of nature can be changed if something is proven not true
- there are limitations to these laws
- If there are not clouds sky will be blue if there is not pollution
Chapter 3
Properties of Substances and Objects
- Property of Substance- describes what substance is made of
Mass and Volume
If two objects have the same volume and are the same substance, they has the same mass
If two objects have the same volume but are different substances, they will have a different mass
Experimental Errors:
- cylinder is wet when massed
---- adds mass
- water splashes out of graduated cylinder when putting long cylinder in
---- volume decreases
Density of Solids
Rocks have different densities because they are sedimentary so they are different substances compiled together. When you break them they each have a different amount of each substance
Experimental Errors:
- Measured volume of rock before massing
----adds mass, density increases
- measure from end of ruler, not zero
---- volume decreases, density increases
Density of Liquids
epsom salt is magnesium sulfate
Experimental Errors:
- cylinder is wet on inside, contaminated
----numbers will change
- liquid sticks to inside wall of cylinder
---mass would increase, density would increase
- dry out graduated cylinder after you mass it
--- mass of the empty graduated cylinder too high
Density of a gas
Experimental Errors:
- hand not tight on bottle when taking out of water
---volume of gas too big, density decreases
- spill water when finding volume of bottle
--- volume decreases, density increases
- touch tablet after Mi
--- mass increase, density increases
- hole in tubing. taking too long to insert tubing
---- volume of gas too low, density increases
- air bubble in bottle
--- volume too high, density decreases
- Not putting foil back for Mf
---- bigger mass, density increases