MODULE 4: LESSONS 3 AND 4
July 5
TODAY'S MESSAGE
We are continuing our study of the development over our lifespan. Today's lessons are 3 and 4 of the module.
Today is the last day of the Module 3 Grace Period. I contacted you if you still owed work for this module. After today, all Module 3 grades go in as zeros if not turned in.
TODAY'S ASSIGNMENTS:
1. Finish the Lesson 2 Assignment - Piaget Toy PowerPoint. In this assignment you will show your mastery by creating a Powerpoint. Each slide must have visual representations of age appropriate toys that assist in the development of the child.
2. Review Lesson 3 Notes on Erikson’s Psychosocial Development.
3. Complete the Lesson 3 Practice Activity.
4. Complete the Lesson 3 Assignment, Psychosocial Development. In this assignment you will select four of the listed scenarios to analyze using what you learned about Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development.
5. Review Lesson 4 Notes on Kohlberg’s Morality theory.
6. Complete the Lesson 4 Practice Activity, Heinz dilemma
7. Complete the Lesson 4 Assignment, Applying Kohlberg’s Theories
TEACHER TALK 1
Today you learned about Erik Erikson. According to Erikson, the human socialization process consists of eight phases/stages. These stages were developed through his extensive experience with children and adolescents from all social classes. According to Erikson, each stage is a “psycho-social crisis” and demands resolution before the next stage can be sufficiently negotiated. These stages are layered in an almost architectural sense: sufficient learning and resolution of each crisis is necessary if the child is to manage the next and subsequent stages. Just like the foundation of a house is essential to the first floor, which in turn must be structurally sound to support the second story, and so on.
What does all this mean? A person's numerical age does not necessarily correlate with the “appropriate” stage. Remember this when completing today’s assignment. A person must complete one stage before moving to the next stage.
(adapted from http://childdevelopmentinfo.com/child-development/erickson/)
As you complete today’s assignment use the cartoon below to guide and inspire you. Click on it to access a more detailed overview of each stage.
Erik Erikson described development that occurs throughout the lifespan. Let's review his different stages:
Stage: Infancy (birth to 18 months)
Basic Conflict: Trust vs. Mistrust
Important Events: Feeding
Outcome: Children develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliability, care, and affection. A lack of this will lead to mistrust.
Stage: Early Childhood (2 to 3 years)
Basic Conflict: Autonomy vs. Shame and Self-Doubt
Important Events: Toilet Training
Outcome: Children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. Success leads to feelings of autonomy, failure results in feelings of shame and doubt.
Stage: Preschool (3 to 5 years)
Basic Conflict: Initiative vs. Guilt
Important Events: Exploration
Outcome: Children need to begin asserting control and power over the environment. Success in this stage leads to a sense of purpose. Children who try to exert too much power experience disapproval, resulting in a sense of guilt.
Stage: School Age (6 to 11 years)
Basic Conflict: Industry vs. Inferiority
Important Events: School
Outcome: Children need to cope with new social and academic demands. Success leads to a sense of competence, while failure results in feelings of inferiority.
Stage: Adolescence (12 to 18 years)
Basic Conflict: Identity vs. Role Confusion
Important Events: Social Relationships
Outcome: Teens need to develop a sense of self and personal identity. Success leads to an ability to stay true to yourself, while failure leads to role confusion and a weak sense of self.
Stage: Young Adulthood (19 to 40 years)
Basic Conflict: Intimacy vs Isolation
Important Events: Relationships
Outcome: Young adults need to form intimate, loving relationships with other people. Success leads to strong relationships, while failure results in loneliness and isolation.
Stage: Middle Adulthood (40 to 65 years)
Basic Conflict: Generativity vs. Stagnantion
Important Events: Work and Parenthood
Outcome: Adults need to create or nurture things that will outlast them, often by having children or creating a positive change that benefits other people. Success leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment, while failure results in shallow involvement in the world.
Stage: Maturity (65 to death)
Basic Conflict: Ego Integrity vs. Despair
Important Events: Reflection on life
Outcome: Older adults need to look back on life and feel a sense of fulfillment. Success at this stage leads to feelings of wisdom, while failure results in regret, bitterness, and despair.
TEACHER TALK 2
You learned about Kohlberg's Moral Development theory today. His theory of moral development was dependent on another psychologist we have studied: Jean Piaget.
Kohlberg believed that people progressed in their moral reasoning through a series of stages. He believed that there were six identifiable stages in three levels.
The first level of moral thinking is generally found at the elementary school level. In the first stage of this level, people behave according to socially acceptable norms because they are told to do so by some authority figure (e.g., parent or teacher). This obedience is compelled by the threat or application of punishment. The second stage of this level is characterized by a view that right behavior means acting in one's own best interests.
Traditionally, psychologists have avoided studying anything that is loaded with value judgments. It is difficult trying to be unbiased about things that involve terms like "good" and "bad!" As a result, one of the most significant aspects of human life—morality—has had to wait quite a while before anyone would dare to touch it.
Enter stage left... Lawrence Kohlberg! He studied morality by presenting children and adults with stories that contained moral dilemmas. Both the children and adults were asked to solve the dilemmas, outloud, so that Kohlberg could follow their reasoning. It wasn't the specific answers to the dilemmas that interested him, but rather how the person got to his or her answer. One of the most famous of these stories concerned a man named Heinz.
Kohlberg focused on different stages or levels of moral judgment and paired each level to a particular way of morally evaluating behavior. Based on a series of interviews, Kohlberg identified three levels and six distinct stages of moral judgment or reasoning.
The second level of moral thinking is that generally found in society, hence the name "conventional." The first stage of this level (stage 3) is characterized by an attitude which seeks to do what will gain the approval of others. The second stage is one oriented to abiding by the law and responding to the obligations of duty.
The third level of moral thinking is one that Kohlberg felt is not reached by the majority of adults. Its first stage (stage 5) is an understanding of social mutuality and a genuine interest in the welfare of others. The last stage (stage 6) is based on respect for universal principle and the demands of individual conscience.
Kohlberg believed that individuals could only progress through these stages one stage at a time. That is, they could not "jump" stages. Thus, according to Kohlberg, it was important to present them with moral dilemmas for discussion which would help them to see the reasonableness of a "higher stage" morality and encourage their development in that direction. One of your assignments today has you facing these moral dilemmas. Below you will see examples of people at each of the different levels.
Title: Kohlberg Model of Moral Development.png
Author: Lawrence Kohlberg, Em Griffin
Location: https://commons.wikimedia.org (Links to an external site.)
License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
SHOUT-OUT
IMPORTANT DATES THIS WEEK
7/7: Start Module 5 (Consciousness)
CONTACT ME
Text/Call: 919.602.5075
E-mail: christopher.watson@ncpublicschools.gov
Text anytime between 9 a.m. and 9 p.m.
NCVPS Psychology
CITATIONS
Today's Assignments (Book Icon Orange, David Peters, Wikpedia Education Program Case Studies.pdf, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license
Teacher Talk (Red Silhouette - Teacher, Ben from Openclipart, Openclipart, Creative Commons CCO 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication license)
Shout Out (callout-quote-bull-speaking-bubble, Pixabay, Pixabay, CCO Public Domain license)
Important Dates This Week (Blank Calendar Page Icon, Jackaranga, Jackaranga, GNU Free Documentation License)
Contact Me (Smart phone mobile phone, Pixabay, Pizabay, CCO Public Domain)