Islamic Republic of Pakistan
ایمان ، اتحاد ، نظم Faith, Unity, Discipline
Map of Pakistan
- Pakistan: line of control, 1972. IMAGE. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 4 Mar. 2016. <http://media1.school.eb.com/eb-media/04/111904-050-F3010389.gif>.
Flag of Pakistan
- Pakistan. IMAGE. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 4 Mar. 2016. <http://media1.school.eb.com/eb-media/46/3346-004-A9AB5824.gif>.
Pakistani Mosque
- ʿĪdgāh Mosque. IMAGE. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 4 Mar. 2016. <http://media1.school.eb.com/eb-media/31/2831-004-ADE484F5.jpg>.
Paksitani Music
- Musical instruments include various drums, pipes and flutes, sitars, and the mouth harp. Pakistanis revere fine verse, and one of their great heroes, Muhammad Iqbal (1877–1938), was not only a poet-philosopher but was instrumental in the formation of the country
"Pakistan." Britannica School. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2016. Web. 14 Mar. 2016. <http://school.eb.com/levels/middle/article/276252#206074.toc>.
Pakistan Religion
- Although Pakistan has small populations of Hindus, Christians, and Buddhists, the vast majority of Pakistanis—some 96 percent—are Muslims
- The religion of Islam, however, is complex with its many divisions and controversies.
- the Sunnite branch of Islam predominates over the Shiʿite, which constitutes 15 to 25 percent of the population
"Pakistan." Britannica School. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2016. Web. 14 Mar. 2016. <http://school.eb.com/levels/middle/article/276252#206074.toc>.
Education
By the late 20th century almost 10 percent of the population had received some primary education, and almost 15 percent had attended secondary school.
The vast majority of the population, however, has received no formal education. Thus the literacy rate is low; 52 percent of Pakistanis over 15 years of age can read and write.
The rate is considerably lower among women than among men.
Part of the country’s frustration with education stems from a problem of communication—the use of Urdu, which is not widely spoken, as the primary language of instruction in schools has caused difficulties.
For those students who do complete their schooling, education has had a disappointing relationship to future job prospects.
The result is a high level of frustration among educated job seekers, and emigration of trained people is common.
Ensuring the return home of Pakistanis sent abroad for higher degrees is also a problem.
Special incentives in land and salaries have been implemented to attract Pakistanis living overseas back to the country.
"Pakistan." Britannica School. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2016. Web. 14 Mar. 2016. <http://school.eb.com/levels/middle/article/276252#206074.toc>.
Government
· Conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Pakistan
· Type: federal republic
· Capital name: Islamabad
· Independence: 14 August 1947 (from British India)
· Constitution: several previous; latest endorsed 12 April 1973, passed 19 April 1973, entered into force 14 August 1973 (suspended and restored several times); amended many times, last in 2015 (2016)
Central Intelligence Agency
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/pk.html
Presidential Palace
Supreme Court Building
Parliament Building
Celebrations and Holidays
- Eid-ul-Fitr: This festival marks the end of Ramadan; by having a Festival of Fast breaking. July 7, 2016
- Pakistan Day: Commemorates the Lahore Resolution of 1940. March 23, 2016
- Independence Day: On this day in 1947, Pakistan became the worlds first Islamic republic when it gained independence from British India. August 14, 2016
- Eid-al-Adha: This festival marks significance of Abraham was about to sacrifice his son when a voice from heaven stopped him and allowed him to sacrifice a ram instead.
The feast re-enacts Ibrahim's obedience by sacrificing a cow or ram. The family eats about a third of the meal and donates the rest to the poor. The festival concludes with the yearly Pilgrimage to Mecca
Family
- Within all families (tribal or not) there is a patriarchal and hierarchal system which provides each person with a distinct role they are expected to play.
- Patriarchal societies are male dominated in both public and private life and the head male controls the families’ resources and behaviors.
- Hierarchal societies assign values to individuals or families and place them at a level or status based upon certain characteristics (e.g. sex, age, income).
- The senior male is the head of the household and is expected to make the best decisions for the good of the group. \
- His spouse is the dominant female who can wield a significant amount of power over daily household activities and younger household members.
- The elders of the extended family are treated with respect and are taken care of by their children and grandchildren as they age.
Society and Norms
http://uwf.edu/atcdev/pakistan/web/Society/2BSociety.htmlLanguage
- Urdu, the national language, evolved during Mughal rule as the working language between the Muslim rulers, who spoke Persian or Turkish, and the people, who spoke different languages in different areas.
- Urdu is very similar linguistically to the Hindi language spoken in neighboring India.
- It is the native tongue of less than 10 percent of the populace and is unfamiliar to many.
- Punjabi is the most common language, spoken by about half of the population. Pashto, Sindhi, and Saraiki are also important languages.
- Access to the world community of scholarship, business, and development is perceived to be through the English language, and it is used as the lingua franca, or common language, in such settings.
- Only about 10 percent of the population is conversant in English, however.
"Pakistan." Britannica School. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2016. Web. 14 Mar. 2016. <http://school.eb.com/levels/middle/article/276252#206074.toc>.
Food/Cuisine
Farming
Rice Dish
Food Prep
Art
- Traditional arts and handicrafts are diverse and linked to tribal cultures.
- Weaving of cotton, wool, and silk; block printing of fabrics; embroidery; mirror work; and carpet making are done all over Pakistan.
- Pottery is an essential craft and is painted after low-temperature firing.
- Hammered copper and brass, woodwork, lacquer, jewelry, leather work, and inlays in iron and brass add to the rich artistic culture.
- Fine miniature paintings, decorative calligraphy paintings, and inlaid tile work on buildings also add great beauty.
Architecture
Economy
- Agriculture and manufacturing are the mainstays of the Pakistani economy.
- The gross national product (GNP) was about 141 billion dollars in 2007, or 870 dollars per capita.
- Exports were roughly 20 billion dollars in value—mainly cotton and manufactured textiles, rice, and petroleum products.
- Imports were 35.4 billion dollars—mainly crude oil and refined petroleum, machinery, chemicals and chemical products, and food.
- Pakistan’s major trading partners are the United States, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, and China.
Citation for Info above (Not Picture) Picture taken from Culture Grams
"Pakistan." Britannica School. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2016. Web. 14 Mar. 2016. <http://school.eb.com/levels/middle/article/276252#206077.toc>.
Sports
- Cricket
- Field Hockey
- Squash