Scientific Revolution
By: Arturo Alberto
What was the Scientific Revolution?
It was a new way of thinking about the natural world, from 1550-1700. It was caused when a small group of scholars began to question the Geocentic theory. As they began to look more closely at the world around them, they made observations that did not match the ancient beliefs.
What was the Geocentic theory? Why did people believe it?
The Geocentic theory was the believe in the earth-centered view of the universe. People believed this idea because it came from Aristotle, the Greek philosopher.In addition, Christianity taught that God had deliberately placed the earth at the center of the universe.
Important People of the Scientific Revolution
Nicolaus Copernicus
Copernicus was an avid student of astronomy, he became interested by the Greek idea that the sun stood at the center of the universe.He studied the planetary movements for 25 years and came up with the Heliocentric Theory. However, he could still not explain why the planets orbit the way they did so scholars would not believe any of his theory because of their religious views. He didn't publish his work ,On The Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies, until the year he died 1543.
Johannes Kepler
Kepler was a brilliant mathematician and was the assistant of Tycho Brahe. Tycho Brahe carefully recorded the planets movements for many years and made a lot of accurate data, but he needed his followers to make it mathematical sense.When he died in 1601,Kepler continued his work and concluded that planetary movement was governed by mathematical laws and showed that Copernicus theory was true.
Galileo Galilei
Galileo was an Italian scientist who built on the astronomy theories, when he was young he learned that the Dutch lens maker had built an instrument that could enlarge far-off objects. Later in 1609 Galileo built his own telescope for looking up at the stars. Galileo published the book Starry Messenger, in this book it described Galileo's observations. Galileo's discoveries frightened Catholic and Protestant leaders because they went against church teaching authority so he was summoned by pope to Rome and stood in court in 1633. He agreed that Copernicus ideas were false and was placed under house arrest and died in his villa in 1642.
The Scientific Method
What is the Scientific Method?Which scientists contributed to it?
The scientific method was a logical procedure used to gather information and ideas. First with observing, then a question, next a hypothesis, after that you do an experiment on data so far, finally you analyze to reach a conclusion and either confirm or disproves the hypothesis. Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo contributed to using the scientific method and were the ones to come up the idea.
Newton
Isaac Newton helped to bring together the breakthroughs of Copernicus, Kelper, and Galileo. Newton was a English scientist who studied mathematics and physics at Cambridge University, when he was 26 years old he was certain that physical objects were affected equally by the same forces. His greatest discovery was that the same force ruled motion of all the planets and all matter on Earth and in space. In 1687, he published his work called The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, it was one of the most important scientific books ever written that described a giant clock and its parts all working together by expressing itself in a mathematical way.
New technologies of the Revolution and Effects of the Revolution
Scientist invented new tools to make precise observations that the scientific method needed.The first microscope was invented by Zacharias Janssen a Dutch maker of eyeglasses in 1509. In 1670s, a Dutch drapery merchant and a amateur scientist named Anton van Leeuwenhoek used to observe bacteria on tooth scrapings and also examined red blood cells for the first time. In 1643, a student of Galileo, Evangelista Torricelli invented the first mercury barometer, a tool for measuring atmosphere pressure and predicting weather.
The Revolution made scientist began to use the observation, experimentation, and scientific reasoning to gather knowledge and draw conclusions about the physical world