Desalination
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Explanation
The scientific discovery that will help us not run out of Fresh Water is Desalination.The most popular methods used in desalination are multi stage flash distillation. It uses heat so the sea/ocean water can turn into gas by evaporating and leave the salt behind.
Materials etc
To build a desalination plant or factory the cost to build it is very high, like a lot of money that will take a while to make and get all the equipment to make it. The Carlsbad desalination plant alone is a $922 million dollar investment. To desalinate sea/ocean water it will take a while because they will need to heat up the furnace or whatever they use to heat it, and they will have to wait for all the water to evaporate.
Positive and negative effects of desalination
Effects on water
Cons: If there is a oil leak and the desalination plant is close to a ocean/sea some of the oil could go into the ocean/sea. If the process is done and they think the water is fresh water but it's still salt water than people could drink it and get sick.
Pros: We wont need to use fresh water rivers, streams, etc because desalination plants could make the fresh water for us. Animals would be able to drink fresh water like dogs, cats, etc.
Effects on environments
Cons: Back Tan its level was 392 ml below sea level, now its at 417 ml below sea level. The surface area of the sea has been reduced from 940 km square in 1960s to all the way to 637 km square today.
Pros: the fresh water can be used to water plants instead of using fresh water that we didn't know where it came from or where it has been. it can be used to grow trees and maybe make it even healthier from removing some of the chemicals that fresh water from stream, lakes, etc have and same as sea water.
effects on humans
Cons: Some chemicals from the heat can go into the evaporated water while its being processed. Some people that are very bad and don't care could put very bad chemicals even worse chemicals than the heat chemicals and it could probably get people and animals really sick and they wont even know how they got it.
Pros: Desalinated water was once sea water but turned into fresh water so its safe to drink if nothing bad happens. People could drink water where they know what happened to it instead of water that they don't know where it came from.
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Interesting Facts
To Save the Dead Sea, Red Dead Sea conveyor would convoy sea water from the Red Sea to the Dead Sea to save it so in the future it would disappear and no water would be there but if they do it than it will still be there