Review Book
Chris Canty P6
America
Although she feeds me bread of bitterness,
And sinks into my throat her tiger’s tooth,
Stealing my breath of life, I will confess
I love this culture that tests my youth.
Her vigor flows like tides into my blood,
Giving me strength erect against her hate,
Her bigness sweeps my being like a flood.
Yet, as a rebel fronts a king in state,
I stand within her walls with not a shred
Of terror, malice, not a word of jeer.
Darkly I gaze into the days ahead,
And see her might and granite wonders there,
Beneath the touch of Time’s unerring hand,
Like priceless treasures sinking in the sand.
George Washington
-George Washington Leading Army To Victory
Hint: Pony Tail
Mercantilism
-Britain, West Africa and the West Indies all traded forming a triangle.
Hint: Profit
Mercantilism is An economic theory whose goal is building a state’s wealth and power by increasing exports and accumulating precious metals in return. In the 1600s many European nations followed this theory it worked by exporting more than importing and helped gain wealth.
Navigation Acts
Hint: Cannons
The purpose of the acts were in order to secure a profit for New England from the Colonies and was one the reasons the colonies eventually rebelled.
Sugar Act
Hint: Tons of Money (Tom)
-Grenville hoped this change would convince the colonies to pay the tax instead of smuggling. Yet the only thing the law did was anger the colonist and started the "No taxation without representation" saying we all know today.
Stamp Act
Hint: PS = Post Script
-The stamp act outraged colonist and they argued that only their own assemblies could tax them. This further lead to the American Revolution
Continental Congress
Hint: Old people playing bingo
The gathered a political body to represent America and challenge British control. There role in the war was to call to citizens and urge them to arm themselves against the British.
New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies
Hint: Trading
New England:
New Hampshire- John Wheelwright- Ship building, Rum exports- Farming
Massachusetts- John Winthrop- Ship building, Rum exports- Religious Freedom
Rhode Island- Roger Williams- Ship building, Rum exports- Religious Freedom
Connecticut- Thomas Hooker- Ship building, Rum exports- Political & Religious Freedom
Middle Colonies:
New York- Duke of York- Agriculture, Iron ore products- For Trade
New Jersey- Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret- Agriculture, Iron ore products- Farm
Pennsylvania- William Penn- Agriculture, Iron ore products- Religious Freedom
Delaware- Peter Minuit and New Sweden Company- Agriculture, Iron ore products
Southern Colonies:
Maryland- Lord Baltimore Agriculture, Plantations, Tobacco & Sugar- Religious Freedom
Virginia- London Company Agriculture, Plantations, Tobacco & Sugar- To Find Gold
North Carolina- Virginians- Agriculture, Plantations, Tobacco & Sugar- Farm & Trade
South Carolina- Lords Proprietors- Agriculture, Plantations, Tobacco & Sugar- Farm
Georgia- James Edward Oglethorpe- Agriculture, Plantations, Tobacco & Sugar- Relief of Poor English
Mercenaries
Hint: Germans
Hired troops that fought for Britain in the Revolutionary War yet had no true cause to fight for making them less effective than the Americans.
Loyalist
Hint: Shunned
People who supported British through the American Revolution. Many were shunned and ignored just because they did not think revolting was the right idea. They were counted on in taking control in some cities for the British but were not as helpful as thought to be.
Patriots
Hint: Merica
People who supported the Revolution and fought for America. These people likely joined the army as soldiers and helped to win the war.
Native Americans
Hint: Boston Tea Party
To fight for fur trading over the Ohio River Britain threatened to fight over it. The Indians and French banded against Britain in the French and Indian War. With the help of Indians French stood a chance until the British took the impenetrable fort in Quebec turning the tide of the war in the favor of British.
Paul Revere
Hint: "British are Coming"
Paul Revere rode warned the Militia of Lexington and Concord in order to fight off the British. He used a horse to travel quickly while also setting up a system of lanterns to warn by sea or land.
Separatist
Hint: Star Wars
The separatist were against the Puritans and wanted to separate (Hence Separatist) from the church. To protect themselves they went to a remote location which setup the founding of Plymouth.
Pacifist
Hint: Hippies
Pacifist were people who opposed all violence, they refused to take part in any type of war. The Quakers were a good example of pacifist
Bunker Hill
Hint:
Took place in Boston, inspired the famous quote "don't shoot till you see the whites of there eyes" took place 1775, showed that the colonist would be harder to defeat than they thought and the British finally won despite heavy losses.
Boston Massacre
Hint: Red Coats
During the war many patriots would harass British Soldiers by throwing snowballs and yelling. One soldiers called for backup and when things got out of hand the British fired on the crowd of Americans. Unfortunate for those wounded yet was great propaganda against the British.
Proclamation of 1763
Hint: No settling
King George set a rule against settling past Appalachian mountains in order to not anger the Indians because of there fear of being pushed out of there own territory. This angered colonist a lot because of the thought of a new frontier in the land.
King George III
Hint: Britain
King George III was a monarch of Britain during the years of the Revolution. He rejected Americans letter asking to revoke unfair laws. While also focusing on money and gaining territory in the colonies.
Thomas Paine
Hint: Weird Hair
Thomas Paine was the writing of Common Sense which focused on gaining independence from Britain. He was very influential and sparked the first act of revolting against Britain.
Boston Tea Party
Hint: Indians
The Boston Tea party was after the British gave a monopoly to the East India Company and forced the Americans into raiding the boat and dumping tea into the water ruining it. This infuriated King George III.
The Mayflower (compact)
Hint: Pointe Hats
The first government created when the separatist were in the new world. The were retreating religious prosecution. It was the first governing document of the Plymouth Colony
French and Indian War
Hint: Indians
The French and Indian war was when the French and Indians fought against the British for control over the Ohio River. The British lost many battles into they turned it around when they took Quebec. They gained control over most of Canada in the treaty and a act was made to not upset the Indians.
Olive Branch Petition
Hint:
The Olive Branch Petition was a petition from the second continental congress that was a last attempt to avoid America fighting for independence. King George III promptly ignored the petition
Shay's Rebellion
Hint:
Shay's rebellion was when Massachusetts unfairly raised taxes. A group of farmers who raided an armory and were shot upon by soldiers. This showed the government that they truly had no control over the states and needed to change how they run things.
Articles of Confederation
Hint:
The Articles of Confederation was the first document that the government created to use for the government and states. It was unsuccessful because it gave way too much power to the states and resulted in making the Constitution shortly after. Benjamin Franklin and other delegates are responsible for making the Articles.
Constitutional Convention
Hint: Oldest Document in use Today
The purpose of the Convention was to unite the states with a new stronger and powerful Constitution that would be able to limit the government without having the states overcome it. It took about 3 months in order to make the Constitutional and when it was approved by the majority of the delegates it was out to get signed by the states. When states complained about a lack of Bill of Rights they had to add one with 10 amendments. When this was finally complete, the 13 states signed and approved the new constitution and it was put into place. The Constitution is still the oldest document in use today that influences the US government.
James Town
Hint: investing
The first successful English Colony in the New World was Jamestown.
The English wanted to establish a colony to increase wealth and power by finding silver and gold in America by providing a source of raw materials it would open new markets for trade. Stockholders of the Virginia company of hoped to make money from the riches in Jamestown, so they invested in the Virginia Company.
John Locke
Hint:
John Locke, was a major influence to the continental congress. He introduced many items about philosophy. But the far most important thing he did was present Checks and Balances that became a foundation for the US constitution. He influenced many founding fathers and was played a major role in contributing to the Constitution.
Federalist
Hint: Newspaper
Federalist were people who supported a strong central government. These people were very opposed to the Article because it gave most of the power to the states. Which allowed states to deny things ordered by the government.
Slave Codes
Hint: Messed Up
With the amount of slaves growing in each colony there was a need for laws about them or "slave codes." This meant that slaves were considered property, the could not own property or do much without a white person present. Slaves would often rebel and with this Slave Codes would get more stricter.
Anti Federalist
Hint: Wimps
The Anti Federalist were people who opposed a strong central government. They did not want a strong central government like it was before the revolution. They agreed with the Articles in the states maintaining more power than the government. This is why a Bill of Rights was included in the final version of the Constitution.
Intolerable Acts
Hint: Evil
The intolerable acts were a list of rules from the British that were meant to punish the Colonist for the Boston Tea party. The act included that the Harbor would be closed until the tea was payed back. This angered the colonist so much that the boycotted and started to join each other in and prepare for a war for independence.
William Penn
Hint: Awkward Bow Tie
William Penn established a peaceful purchasing of land with the Indians. Normally the colonist would steal the land for the Indians but he instead Negotiated. When he had the land he set up a government and laws to protect all types of religion to be safely protected.
Writ of Assistance
Hint: TSA
Writs of assistance were documents which served as a general search warrant, allowing customs officials to enter any ship or building that they suspected might have smuggled goods. This was only another reason for the colonist to revolt against the British.
York Town
Hint: FINAL COUNTDOWN
York Town was the final battle between British and Americans. It took place in New York where the closing army of America and there allies would force British to surrender. The French Fleet made sure that the British didn't retreat. When the British surrendered it marked the end of the war and America finally had it's independence.
Revolutionary War
Advantage for Americans were Fighting for a good cause, a great leader, alliances and fighting on there own ground.
Disadvantages were money, population and a weak army do to inexperienced soldiers.
Advantages for British were population, money and well trained soldiers along with navy.
Disadvantages were mercenaries having no cause, having to send troops from thousands of miles away and fighting in a not very well known land.