Restoration
Madalyn Swaringen
Architecture
Period of great opulence in English art, architecture, and design
Characteristics
Characteristics
- Flowing, curvaceous forms (elaborate carvings and high-relief decoration)
- Rich finishes (gold and silver)
- Spiral columns (supports for furniture and architectural woodwork)
- Natural Motifs (fruit, flowers, and leaves used to decorate work)
Interior of Henry VII's Chapel, Westminster Abbey
The First Opera House in the Haymarket
Drury Lane Theatre, London
Economics
- Commercial revolution
- Growing trade with the colonies
- People from England and Europe went to North America to make money in the lands and forests
- The middle class grew
Religion
- Voyagers sought freedom from religious persecution
- People stopped thinking of unusual events (like earthquakes and comets) as punishments or warning
- Deism - belief in a creator who does not interfere in the universe
- But Christianity still continued to exercise an undiminished power over almost all Europeans
- Religion determined people's politics
- Charles II reestablished the Anglican Church as the official church of the country
- The king tried to outlaw all the Puritan and Independent sects
Politics
- The English people brought back the son of Charles I from his exile in France
- He was crowned King Charles II, their new savior
- To warn revolutionaries, they dug up the corpse of Oliver Cromwell and cut his head off
- Religion determined politics
- Parliament approved the outlaw of Puritan and Independent sects
- Charles II was succeeded by his brother James II
- James II was opposed by most Englishmen because he was a Roman Catholic
- English leaders transferred power to Jame's daughter Mary
- Mary and her husband William were declared king and queen in 1689
Science
Enlightenment - people started asking How?, not Why?
- Edmond Halley calculated when celestial phenomena were going to occur
- Isaac Newton (1642-1727) - physicist and mathematician
- Newton's reflecting telescope (below)
Ben Jonson
- Poet, essayist, and playwright in London, England
- Born June 11, 1572
- Married Anne Lewis in 1594
- Wrote his 'first great play' Every Man in His Humor in 1598
- Friends with Shakespeare, John Donne, and Francis Bacon
- Died August 8th, 1637
Jonathan Swift
- Irish author and satirist
- Born November 30, 1667
- Received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1686
- Had a relationship with Esther Johnson
- He wrote essays and a manuscript for Sir William Temple
- Anonymously wrote stories criticizing religion
- Became editor of the Examiner
- Wrote many pamphlets
- Died on October 19, 1745
John Donne
- Born in 1572, to a Catholic family
- Attended Oxford University when he was 11 and University of Cambridge later on
- Wrote many love lyrics and erotic poems
- After his brother's death, he wrote about religion
- Married Anne More in 1601, after becoming a member of Parliament
- Focused on religious writings after his wife died in 1617
- Became obsessed with death as his health weakened
- Died March 31, 1631
Carpe Diem Poets
Robert Herrick
- Born August 24, 1591, in London
- Became a disciple of Ben Jonson and wrote five poems about him
- Principal work is Hesperides, a group of religious poems
- More than 1200 short poems were in the collection
- He was influenced by classical Roman poetry
- Born March 31, 1621, in Hull, England
- Studied at Trinity College at the age of 12
- Received his bachelor's degree in 1639
- Held office in Cromwell's government
- He criticized both the court and Parliament in his works
- His poems were full of scathing political satire and complex lyric verse
- Died August 16, 1678, of a fever
Sources
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Canaletto_-_The_Interior_of_Henry_VII%27s_Chapel_in_Westminster_Abbey.JPG
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Italian_Opera_House_at_the_Haymarket_(colour).jpg
https://britlitwiki.wikispaces.com/Restoration+and+Eighteenth-Century+Drama
http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/s/style-guide-restoration/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_England
https://www.britannica.com/science/reflecting-telescope
https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/ben-jonson
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Jonson
http://www.biography.com/people/jonathan-swift-9500342
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Donne
http://www.biography.com/people/john-donne-9277090
http://www.luminarium.org/sevenlit/marvell/marvbio.htm
https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/robert-herrick
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesperides_(poetry_collection)