IPS Study Guide
Sections 4.9 - 4.10
Gas Dissolved In Our Atmosphere
- Gases that create an acidic solution:
- Carbon Dioxide
- Sulfur Dioxide
- Hydrogen Chloride
2. Carbonic Acid- dissolved Carbon Dioxide
3. Sulfur Dioxide- "acid rain"
Sulfur Dioxide:
- volcanoes
- industrial pollution
"acid rain":
- kill forest
- pollute water (river, lake, pond)
Sinkholes and Limestone
Limestone
- soft
- porous (holds water)
- water soluble (carbonic acid)
Sinkholes
- common in Florida because there is a lot of limestone underground
- was covered by ocean in the past
Study the Box Questions
Sulfuric Acid Notes
Sulfuric Acid
- discovered in the 8th century by Alchemist
- Alchemist - Alchemy "Chemistry"
USES:
- lead acid batteries (cars)
- fertilizers
- steel industry - prevents rust corrosion
- dried fruit production (hydrotropic)
Two Gases Post Lab
- the hydrogen comes from the magnesium and acid
- the carbon dioxide comes from magnesium and carbonic acid
- carbon dioxide is a dense - sinks
- hydrogen is a light gas - rises
"POP"
- gas is ignited and rushes out of the test tube
- it rubs against the glass which causes friction (sound)
EXPERIMENTAL ERRORS
- not waiting 30 seconds
- unstopper before inverting
- break surface water with test tube
- don't collect full test tube of gas
- air bubble in test tube
- stoppers not tight
- not keeping test tubes vertical
Study the FRAES
FRAE Facts
- Permanent Marker
- alcohol/oil based
- not soluble in water
2. Watercolor
- water based
- soluble in water
Acidification
Phenol Red
- Ph indicator
- red - basic
- clear - acidic
Acidification Post Lab
- Phenol red changes color as you add carbon dioxide into water
- the carbon dioxide turns to carbonic acid lowering the ph of the water
- the calcium tablet is more soluble in the cup with the straw
- because the carbonic acid lowers ph and dissolves calcium faster
EXPERIMENTAL ERRORS
- not enough phenol red
- dont bubble water long enough
- 2 cups don't have same amount of water
Ocean Acidification
- Normal Ocean pH is 8.1-84
- Ocean's pH has decreased 0.1 (about 25% down)
- Lower ocean pH means sea animals with shells will not be able to make a shell.