Mining and Fracking
Parsa Rashidi
Two Types of Mining
- Surface Mining -
- Subsurface Mining -
> Parts of Surface Mining
Open-pit Mining
Effects on Environment: Damaging because of environmental hazards and strategic minerals are generally located in small concentrations
Strip Mining
Effects on Environment: Damages wildlife, forests, and landscapes at the mine site
Mountain-top Removal
Effects on Environment: Destroyed more than 500 mountains and rubble of mountain tops in rivers provides health threats to plants and animals
> Parts of Subsurface Mining
Drift Mining
Effects on Environment: Damage in the sides of Earth and pollution
Slope Mining
Effects on Environment: Contamination of water and soil, and erosion
Shaft Mining
- Form of underground mining where shafts are pushed vertically from top to bottom to excavate minerals
Effects on Environment: Toxic particles are released in the air and water
Fracking
> Water, sand, and chemicals are implanted in the rock at high pressure allowing gas to flow out
Effects on Environment: More than 600 chemicals of toxins are in fluids that release carcinogens polluting water