Immune System
Function of the Immune System:
Vocab:
Active Immunity - the immunity that results from the production of antibodies by the immune system in response to the presence of an antigen.
Passive Immunity - the short term immunity that results from the introduction of antibodies from another person or animal.
Antigen - a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies.
Antibody - a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen. Antibodies combine chemically with substances that the body recognizes as alien, such as bacteria, viruses, and foreign substances in the blood.
Explain why antibiotics are effective against bacteria and not viruses.
Explain at least one major disorder that occurs with this system and HIV/AIDS.
Eczema - This is a medical condition in which patches of skin become rough and inflamed, with blisters that cause itching and bleeding. Some symptoms are itching, and/or a rash. The exact cause of eczema is unknown. The way to help is to not itch and lotion so the skin isn't dry.
Endocrine System
Function of the Endocrine System:
Role of homeostasis in the system:
Negative feedback mechanism & role in body:
Diabetes:
Type 2 Diabetes - This is a chronic condition that affects the way the body processes blood sugar. Some symptoms may include fatigue, excessive hunger, increased thirst, weight gain, blurred vision, poor wound healing, or frequent urination.
Skeletal System
Function of the Skeletal System:
Roles in human movements:
Ligaments - They are there to connect two bones together. They define range of motion, protect joints and bones, and proprioception.
Muscles - They provide the force required for movement by moving one bone in relation to another.
Tendons - They connect muscles to bones.
Nerves - The motor neurons provides the stimulus for muscle movement and co-ordinates sets of antagonistic muscles.
Two major disorders:
Clubfoot - This is usually presented at birth in which your baby's foot is twisted out of shape or position. This can be severe, some children have it in both feet which makes it harder for them to walk. Some symptoms include the top of the foot is usually twisted downward and inward, some feet may look upside down, calf muscles are normally underdeveloped, the affected foot may be 1/2 inch shorter than the other. The cause of this is unknown but can be treated in the early stages of birth by having surgery.
Muscular System
Function of the Muscular System:
Two major disorders:
Tendonitis - This is inflammation of the tendon. You may experience pain, tenderness, and mild swelling. This can be treated by medications such as pain relievers.
Nervous System
Function of the Nervous System:
Central Nervous System & Peripheral Nervous System:
PNS - There are two types of cells in this system. These cells carry information to and from the CNS. The cells are sensory and motor nervous cells. Cells of this system send information to the CNS from internal organs or from external stimuli.
Reflex Arc:
Major Disorders:
Epilepsy - This is a disorder in which nerve cell activity in the brain is disturbed, causing seizures. Some symptoms may be anxiety, depression, fear, muscle spasms/twitches, mental confusion, amnesia, fatigue, fainting, seizures and many more. This can be treated by taking medications given to you by your doctor.
Reproductive System
Function of this system:
Spermatogenesis:
Oogenesis:
Major Disorders:
Prolapsed Uterus - This occurs when pelvic floor muscles and ligaments stretch and weaken, providing inadequate support for the uterus. You may feel sensation of heaviness/pulling in your pelvis, tissue protruding in your uterus, low back pain, urinary problems, sexual concerns, and/or bowel movement problems. This can be treated by surgery.