Cell Smore
By:Jalen Chanthalangsy
Amazing cells
- Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things. The human body is composed of trillions of cells. They provide structure for the body, take in nutrients from food, convert those nutrients into energy.You can also find it in plants and animals.
Animal cell
Animal cells are eukaryotic cell, or cells with a membrane-bound nucleus. Unlike prokaryotic cell , DNA in animal cells is housed within the nucleus. In addition to having a nucleus, animal cells also contain other membrane-bound organelles, or tiny cellular structures, that carry out specific functions necessary for normal cellular operation.
Eukaryotic cell
A eukaryote is any organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other structures enclosed within membranes. Eukaryotes are formally the taxon Eukarya or Eukaryota.
prokaryotic cell
A prokaryote is a single-celled organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelles.
Parts of the cell
Nucleus
The nucleus is where the DNA is kept and RNA is transcribed. RNA is moved out of the nucleus through the nuclear pores.The nucleolus is usually visible as a dark spot in the nucleus, and is the location of ribosome formation.
Ribosomes
Ribosomes are where RNA is translated into protein. This process is called protein synthesis. Protein synthesis is very important to cells, therefore large numbers of ribosomes are found in cells. Ribosomes float freely in the cytoplasm, and are also bound to the endoplasmic reticulum. ER bound to ribosomes is called rough ER because the ribosomes on the ER give it a rough sandpaper like look.
endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum is the transport system for molecules needed for certain changes and specific destinations, instead of molecules that float freely in the cytoplasm. There are two types of ER, rough and smooth. Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it, as mentioned before, and smooth ER does not.
lysosome
The lysosome is the digestive system in the cell. It breaks down molecules into their base components digestive enzymes. This demonstrates one of the reasons for having all parts of a cell compartmentalized, the cell couldnt use the destructive enzymes if they werent sealed off from the rest of the cell.
cell membrane
The cell membrane functions as a semi-permeable barrier, allowing a very few molecules across it while fencing the majority of organically produced chemicals inside the cell. Electron microscopic examinations of cell membranes have led to the development of the lipid bilayer model. The most common molecule in the model is the phospholipid, which has a polar (hydrophilic) head and two nonpolar (hydrophobic) tails.
cytoplasm
The cytoplasm was defined earlier as the material between the plasma membrane (cell membrane) and the nuclear envelope. Fibrous proteins that occur in the cytoplasm, referred to as the cytoskeleton maintain the shape of the cell as well as anchoring organelles, moving the cell and controlling internal movement of structures.
vacuoles
Vacuoles are single-membrane organelles that are essentially part of the outside that is located within the cell. The single membrane is known in plant cells as a tonoplast. Many organisms will use vacuoles as storage areas. Vesicles; are much smaller than vacuoles and function in transport within and to the outside of the cell.
golgi bodies
The golgi bodies changes molecules and divides them into small membrane contained sacs called vesicles. These sacs can be sent to various locations in the cell.Golgi Complexes are flattened stacks of membrane-bound sacs. They function as a packaging plant, modifying vesicles from the Rough ER.
Chloroplast
Like mitochondria, chloroplasts have their own DNA, termed cpDNA. Chloroplasts of Green Algae (Protista) and Plants are thought to have originated by endosymbiosis of a prokaryotic alga similar to living Prochloron. Chloroplasts of Red Algae (Protista) are very similar biochemically to cyanobacteria also known as blue-green bacteria.
Mitochondria
Mitochondria are a part of tissue cells that consists of an outer and an inner membrane. The mitochondria are the main energy source of the cell, in fact, they are often called the "power plants" of the body because this is where energy (ATP) is created. Uncoupled thermogenesis also occurs in the mitochondria; any of the very tiny rodlike or stringlike structures that occur in nearly all cells of plants and animals, and that process food for energy
Cell Theory Rap by Mr. Antolino