30 Years War
(1616-1648)
By: Devan Thomas and Daisy Gonzalez
Cause Of The War
The Thirty Years’ War began when Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II of Bohemia attempted to greatly reduce the religious activities of his subjects, sparking rebellion among Protestants
The Bohemian Phase
This phase happened throught out the years 1618-1621. Ferdinand ll, Holy Roman Emperor and Fredrick V , leader of the prostants fought. Ferdinand sing and he reinforces his empire with Spanish troops in Catholic German states.
The Danish Phase
This phase happened throughout the years 1625-1630. Ferdinand was elected the Holy Roman Emperor again and he confiscates land of those who were against him. Denmark decided to join but Ferdinand wins again.
The Swedish Phase
This phase happened througout the years 1630-1634. Adolphus, the King of Sweden builds a modern professional army. Sweden wins some victories but Adolphus is killed at Battle of Luzten.
The French Phase
This phase happened throught the years 1634-1648. The Spanish troops attack from France from Spanish Netherlands. France retaliates by attacking Spain. Both Spain and France die.
Peace of Westphalia
Religious freedom is restored. People can now choose from Catholicism, Lutheranism, and Calvinism. Sweden is freed from Austria. This ends the 30 years war.
KEY FIGURES/ GROUPS
Emperor Ferdinand II
A member of the House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, and King of Hungary. His rule coincided with the Thirty Years' War.
Gustavus Adolphus
King of Sweden in the Swedish Phase
Christian IV
King of denmark who lead an army into northern Germany
Wallenstein
Military leader of Catholics who wanted more land and was assassinated when he had too much land
Cardinal Richelieu
French minister to Louis XIII who entered the war directly, beginning the fourth phase of the war
Frederick V of the Palatine
The Calvinist leader in the HRE; head of the Protestant Union
Louis XIII
King of France during the Franco-Swedish Phase
Duke Maximilian of Bavaria
Leader of the Catholic Union
Summary
The Thirty Years' War was a series of wars in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648. It was one of the longer and most destructive events in European history. It was fought by different nations and for different reasons. It was ended with the treaty of Westphalia.