All you need to know about Cells
by: Madi Werner
Eukaryopolis - The City of Animal Cells: Crash Course Biology #4
All living things are composed of cells.
Cells: the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. Microscopic organisms typically consist of a single cell, which is either eukaryotic or prokaryotic.- A Eukaryote is any organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes.
- A Prokaryote is a single-celled organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelles
1. They both have DNA as their genetic material.
2. They are both membrane bound.
3. They both have ribosomes .
4. They have similar basic metabolism .
Differences
1. Eukaryotes have a nucleus, while prokaryotes do not
2. Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotes do not. The organelles of eukaryotes allow them to exhibit much higher levels of intracellular division of labor than is possible in prokaryotic cells.
Eukaryotes have the following organelles.
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Golgi Complex
- Ribosomes
- Lysosomes
- Vacuole
- Cell wall
- Centrioles
- Cilia and Flagella
Cell reproduction is the process by which cells divide to form new cells. Each time a cell divides, it makes a copy of the chromosomes and sends it to a new cell(Mitosis).
We humans have 46 chromosomes but other species have different amounts for example gametes have 23.
The cell cycle has five phases.
1. G1- Cell grows and stores energy
2. S- DNA in cell nucleus is copied
3. G2- Cell prepares for division
4. M- Cell division through mitosis
5. Cytokinesis- Cytoplasm in the cell divides then cell moves on to reproduce again or serve a purpose