Computing Hardware
The history...
Timothy John Berners Lee
Tim was born on the eighth of June nineteen fifty five and was raised in London, he studied physics at oxford university and to the worlds joy became a software engineer.
During nineteen eighty, whilst employed at the CERN, the European particle physics laboratory in Geneva. He fist managed to describe the concept of a global system, based on the concept of `hyper text`, that would allow researchers anywhere to share info. Tim also built a prototype called `enquire`.
Basically he invented the world wide web!!!
Question-What made you think of the WWW?
Well, I found it frustrating that in those days, there was different information on different computers, but you had to log on to different computers to get at it. Also, sometimes you had to learn a different program on each computer. So finding out how things worked was really difficult. Often it was just easier to go and ask people when they were having coffee.
Because people at CERN came from universities all over the world, they brought with them all types of computers. Not just Unix, Mac and PC: there were all kinds of big mainframe computer and medium sized computers running all sorts of software.
I actually wrote some programs to take information from one system and convert it so it could be inserted into another system. More than once. And when you are a programmer, and you solve one problem and then you solve one that's very similar, you often think, "Isn't there a better way? Can't we just fix this problem for good?" That became "Can't we convert every information system so that it looks like part of some imaginary information system which everyone can read?" And that became the WWW.
Computer Development
The 1st Generation-1940-1956
The first computing devices used something called vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory. They were also often enormous, taking up entire rooms, earning the name of colossal.
First generation computers also relied on machine language, which is the lowest-level programing language understood only by computers, to perform operations they could only solve problem at a time and even that was pretty slow.
The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-generation computing devices. The UNIVAC was the first commercial computer delivered to a business client, the U.S. Census Bureau in 1951.
The 2nd Generation-1956-1953
The 3rd Generation-1964-1673
The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of computers. Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers.Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third generation computers through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system, which allowed the device to run many different applications at one time with a central program that monitored the memory. Computers for the first time became accessible to a mass audience because they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors.
The 4th Generation-1971-present
The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. What in the first generation filled an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand. The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the components of the computer—from the central processing unit and memory to input/output controls—on a single chip.In 1981 IBM introduced its first computer for the home user, and in 1984 Apple introduced the Macintosh. Microprocessors also moved out of the realm of desktop computers and into many areas of life as more and more everyday products began to use microprocessors.
The 5th Generation-artificial inteligence
Timeline
Input/Output
An output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment used to communicate the resultsof data processing carried out by an information processing system (such as a computer) to theoutside world.In computing, input/output, or I/O, refers to the communication between an informationprocessing system (such as a computer), and the outside world. Inputs are the signals or datasent to the system, and outputs are the signals or data sent by the system to the outside.The most common input devices used by the computer are the keyboard and mouse. Thekeyboard allows the entry of textual information while the mouse allows the selection of a point onthe screen by moving a screen cursor to the point and pressing a mouse button. The mostcommon outputs are monitors and speakers.
Hard drives
What Are They?
A computer uses two types of storage. A main store consisting of ROM and RAM, and backing stores which can be internal, eg hard disk, or external, eg a CD or USB flash drive.
ROM and RAM
Main store (or computer memory) is divided into Read Only Memory (ROM) and Random Access Memory (RAM).
ROM
ROM is memory that cannot be changed by a program or user. ROM retains its memory even after the computer is turned off. For example, ROM stores the instructions for the computer to start up when it is turned on again.
RAM
RAM is a fast temporary type of memory in which programs, applications and data are stored. Here are some examples of what's stored in RAM:
- the operating system
- applications
- the graphical user interface (GUI)
If a computer loses power, all data stored in its RAM is lost.
Motherboards
What is a Motherboard?
The motherboard serves to connect all of the parts of a computer together. The CPU, memory, hard drives, optical drives, video card, sound card and other ports and expansion cards all connect to the motherboard directly or via cables.
The motherboard is the piece of computer hardware that can be thought of as the "back bone" of the PC.
The Motherboard is Also Known As
mainboard, mobo (abbreviation), MB (abbreviation), system board, logic board.
Touch screens
Touch Screens
Different kinds of touchscreen work in different ways. Some can sense only one finger at a time and get extremely confused if you try to press in two places at once. Others can easily detect and distinguish more than one key press at once. These are some of the main technologies:
Resistive,
Capacitive,
Infrared,
Surface Acoustic Wave,
Near field imaging,
Light pens.
EVALUATION
*A nice layout
*relevant background
*good information.
*relevant pictures
-TRY NOT TO COPY AND PASTE.
-Try and fix the second button
over all a good flyer with good information .
8/10
QUESTION: WHAT IS THE TIMELINE SECTION ON THE GENNERATIONS OF COMMPUTERS FOR? THERE IS NO INFORMATION TO TELL WHAT IT IS.