★ The Twin Towers ★
◆ Andy Echeverria ◆
The Twin Tours
The Twin Towers
Location - New York City.
Height - 110 stories tall .
Date completed - December 23
Engineer or architect - Port Authority
materials - External Walls , Interior Floors Tubes .
Destroyed - September 11
Engineering challenges and solution
It had to be hold from wind or other weather .
Burj khalifa
Construction began on 21 September 2004, with the exterior of the structure completed on 1 October 2009. The building officially opened on 4 January 2010
Engineer or architect
Adrain Smith was the builder of the Burj Khalifa
primary building materials
Burj Khalifa required 330,000 cubic meters of concrete .
31,400 metric tons of steel rebar were used to reinforce the concrete.
other major materials used are glass, silicone, and aluminum .
Petronas Tower
Petronas Tower
The towers were designed by Argentine American architect Cesar Peli . postmodern style to create a 21st-century icon for Kuala Lumpur. Planning on the Petronas Towers started on 1 January 1992 simulations of wind and structural loads on the design. Seven years of construction followed, beginning on 1 March 1993, which involved moving 500 truckloads of earth every night to dig down 30 metres (98 ft) below the surface .
Empire State Building
The site of the Empire State Building was first developed as the John Thompson Farm in the late 18th century. At the time, a stream ran across the site, located a block away. Beginning in the late 19th century, the block was occupied by the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, frequented by The Four Hundred, the social elite of New York.
Engineer or Architect
Main contractor -Starrett Brothers and Eken
Sony Tower
The Sony Tower, formerly the AT&T Building, is a 647 feet tall, 37-story highrise skyscraper located at 550 Madison Avenue between 55th Street and 56th Street in the New York City borough of Manhattan.
Height
647' (197 m) tall
Architect
John Burgee & Philip Cortelyou Johnson
The Chrysler Building
The Chrysler Building is an Art Deco style skyscraper in New York City, located on the east side of Manhattan in the Turtle Bay area at the intersection of 42nd Street and Lexington Avenue.
Height
1,046' (319 m)
Architects
William Van Alen, Walter Chrysler
Sears Tower
Sears Tower is a 108-story, 1,451-foot skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois. At the time of its completion in 1973, it was the tallest building in the world, in New York .
Height
1,451' (442 m)
Architect :Bruce Graham
Owners: Joseph Chetrit
Singer Building
The Singer Building or Singer Tower at Liberty Street and Broadway in Manhattan, was a 47-story office building completed in 1908 as the headquarters of the Singer Manufacturing Company. It was the tallest building in the world from 1908-1909.
Height
612' (187 m)
Architect
Ernest Flagg
Demolished
1968