Breast Cancer
Maddie, Angela, and Katrina
History of Breast Cancer
Cancer have existed since the beginning of time due to the shuffling of genes in our ancestors' time to help them adapt to the harsh living condition, such as the Ice Age. However these mutations evolved into something unimaginable that affect millions of women and men around the globe-breast cancer.
Ancient Egyptians were the first to note the disease in the papyri with descriptions such as, "Bulging tumors of the breast that has no cure." Some brief theory of breast cancer were developed during the Ancient Egyptians era such as how breast cancer came from the excess of black bile that give the 17th and 18th century scientists the chance to prove against this theory.From there, they came up with the first treatment method, the removal of tumors by surgery, and follow up by radiation and chemotherapy ("History of Breast Cancer").
-Angela
All About Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is an uncontrolled growth of breast cells in the lobules that make milk and thin tubes called ducts that carry the milk from the lobules to the nipple ("Breast Cancer"). The cancer was resulted from mutations in the genes that throw the breast cells' orderly division off track and eventually formed an "out of the ordinary" known as tumor. There are two types of tumors- benign and malignant- and one of the two may be the outcome from the unsuccessful division process of mitosis that leads to the forming of these tumors. Benign tumors are not considered dangerous and if left unchecked, it won't spread to other parts of the body, although it have the potential to turn cancerous, or malignant. However, the term "breast cancer" would most likely refers to a malignant tumor that has developed in the breast, and will continue to double in number and metastasize, or spread, if treatment is not seek early ("What Is Breast Cancer? | Breastcancer.org").
-Angela
Symptoms & Diagnosis
Every year, more aggressive and invasive types of breast cancers are found in women and men, however knowing the possible symptoms may lead to more effective treatment and increase the success rate of fighting through this cancer.
Similar to most cancers, there will be no symptoms in the early stages of breast cancer.
- A lump in the breast or underarm that persists after your menstrual cycle. This is often the first apparent symptom of breast cancer, however it can also be a benign tumor. Lumps associated with breast cancer are usually painless and not visible until the later stages ("WebMD Breast Cancer Center: Types, Symptoms, Causes, Genes, Staging, Tests, and Treatments").
- Swelling in the armpit.
- Pain or tenderness in the breast. Although lumps are usually painless, pain or tenderness can be a sign of breast cancer.
- A noticeable flattening or indentation on the breast, which may indicate a tumor that cannot be seen or felt.
- Any change in the size, contour, texture, or temperature of the breast. A reddish, pitted rash like surface like the skin of an orange could be a sign of advanced breast cancer.
- A change in the nipple, such as a nipple retraction, dimpling, itching, a burning sensation, or ulceration.
- Unusual discharge from the nipple that may be clear, bloody, or of other color.
- A marble-like area under the skin.
- An area that is distinctly different from any other area on either breast, that may be its texture, size, shape, temperature, and skin condition in that area ("WebMD Breast Cancer Center: Types, Symptoms, Causes, Genes, Staging, Tests, and Treatments").
-Angela
Stages of Breast Cancer
The staging for breast cancer can accelerate differently for many people due to their lifestyle before the cancer develop, genetic factors, how strong their immune system tries to fight against the malignant tumor(s), and how aggressive their cancer can be
("Breast Cancer Stages :: The National Breast Cancer Foundation").
-Angela
Stage 0 and 1
The cancer is evident due to the abnormal growth of cells in Stage 1 in the milk ducts of the breast, however the tumors has not spread or can be felt. The tumors would appear as a peanut-sized abnormal clump of tissues under the mammogram. This very beginning phase is known as "non-invasive." Breast cancer victims have the highest rate of surviving at this stage if treatment is seek immediately after discovery ("Stages 0 & 1 :: The National Breast Cancer Foundation").
Stage 2A and 2B
The tumors are growing in size and are inching its way closer to the lymph nodes, but it is still located in the breast area. Stage 2 is divided into 2A and 2B due to the growth rate of the tumors and if it has spread to nearby lymph nodes ("Stage 2 :: The National Breast Cancer Foundation").
STAGE 3A, 3B, AND 3C
It's considered an advance stage of cancer where the tumors have spread to distant lymph nodes, muscles, and can be found in the chest wall. Most symptoms usually start to show up in Stage 3B, such as swelling, inflammation, or ulcers ("Stage 3 :: The National Breast Cancer Foundation").
Stage 4
Stage 4 is note as the final and most of the time an incurable stage of breast cancer, since the cancerous tumors has already spread to distant organs. Malignant tumors can be found in the lungs, bones, liver and brain. Not much is known about stage four yet due to the limited knowledge about the how cancer started in the first place, and the limited medical treatment available for breast cancer once it has traveled to other parts of the body.Treatments may help prolong breast cancer patients' life for about a few years as long as the patients can adapt to the treatment options ("Stage 4 :: The National Breast Cancer Foundation").
Genetic risk factors
The hereditary and genetic factors only contribute to about 5%-10% of getting the breast cancer's genes to get pass down to offspring,("Breast Cancer Risk Factors: Genetics") however it definitely increase the risk of developing the disease some time in one's lifetime by a notch.
Two of the most commonly inherited genes for breast cancers are BRCA1 and BRCA2 located on chromosome 17 and 13 ("Breast Cancer and Ovarian Cancer"). These BRCA genes are inside all of us with the job to repair cells and managing breast cells' normal growth. Until one day, the sudden mutation in these genes bring out the abnormalities in BRCA. The BRCA genes would then stop carrying out its normal functions leading to an increase in getting breast cancer ("Breast Cancer Risk Factors: Genetics").
-Angela
Lower your risk
Genetic factors including your gender, your age, and history of cancer within your family cannot be change. However lifestyle and environmental factors plays a major role in the advancement in the type of breast cancer one can develop. Controlling the environmental risk factors for developing breast cancer is completely in our hands and preventable with just small step toward a healthier lifestyle and choices.
- Exercise regularly and maintain a healthy weight
("Lower Your Risk").
- Modify your fast food and alcohol consumption
("Lower Your Risk").
- Cut out smoking from your life
("Lower Your Risk").
- Being a woman is the biggest risk factors into becoming breast cancer victims. Although men do develop breast cancer, but the chance of that happening is less than 1% ("Breast Cancer Risk Factors: Being a Woman").
- Similar to other types of cancer, the risk of developing breast cancer goes up as one get older. "According to the American Cancer Society, about 1 out of 8 invasive breast cancers develop in women younger than 45. About 2 our of 3 invasive or more aggressive breast cancers are found in women 55 or older," ("Breast Cancer Risk Factors: Being a Woman").
- In a recent study, White women are more likely to develop breast cancer than any other races, while African American women are more likely to develop more aggressive and invasive types of breast cancer at a young age and die from it ("Breast Cancer Risk Factors: Race/Ethnicity").
-Angela
("Race, Ethnicity, and Breast Cancer | Susan G. Komen®" )
Treatment Options
"Breast Cancer Treatment." National Cancer Institute. National Institutes of Health, 22 Oct. 2015. Web. 06 Nov. 2015.
- Katrina
Cost
"How Much Does Breast Cancer Treatment Cost? - CostHelper.com." CostHelper. CostHelper, n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2015.
- Katrina
Side Effects
"Breast Cancer Treatment." National Cancer Institute. National Institutes of Health, 22 Oct. 2015. Web. 06 Nov. 2015.
- Katrina
NEW RESEARCH TREATMENT OPTIONS (CLINICAL TRIALS)
"Breast Cancer Treatment." National Cancer Institute. National Institutes of Health, 22 Oct. 2015. Web. 06 Nov. 2015.
- Katrina
Breast Cancer Research Foundation
“Our goal is to accelerate the breakthroughs bringing us closer to a cure to speed up the progress that will improve survivorship and quality of life for breast cancer patients today.” – Myra J. Biblowit, President & CEO
-Maddie
Every 2 Minutes
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Why we need YOUR support?
-Maddie
"Show you care, be aware"
"Not just surviving, thriving."
"Join the fight, one step at a time."
"Show you care, be aware."
In Honor of...
Carren Burnell………………………………………………………...............……….Zaretsky
Jane Schwickrath………………………………………………………….....….……….Hankla
Janis Milsted……………………………………………………………………..…………Davis
Kim Turner………………………………………………………………………………….Wyatt
Lynn Bedard…………………………………….………………………………………….Davis
Patricia Manetta………………………………………………………………………...Maxwell
Patti McLendon……………………………....………………………………………McLendon
Peggy Stevens……………………..………………………………………………………Wyatt
Sherley Best………………………………………………………………………………….Best
Susan Brown……………………………………………………….............…………Summers
Tia Auguste…………..…………………………...………….…………………………..George
Discussion Questions
- Were you familiar with any of these organizations before? If not, would you be willing to participate and be a part of them now?
- Are you more inform about breast cancer now?
- What information did you learn from our smore?
- Who do you know that was affected by cancer?
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Maddie's Citations
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