Force & Motion
Explaining Newton's Laws and Simple Machines
Simple Machines and Newton's Laws
There are 3 laws of motion. Sir Isaac Newton made these after watching apples fall from trees. There is a story that he made these laws after an apple fell on his head, but it is not true. Now let's move on to the 6 simple machines. We use them all the time, like when we play on the seesaw at recess we are using a simple machine. When we are cutting vegetables, we are using a simple machine. Without simple machines, we would have to do a lot more work. So let's go check out some of the laws and simple machines!
Sir Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton was an English physicist and mathematician who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in the scientific revolution.
Newton's Laws of Motion
- Newton's 1st Law of Motion states: An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an outside force. An object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted on by an outside force. This law is some times referred to as "The Law of Inertia".
- Newton's 2nd Law of Motion states: Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass (of the object being accelerated) the greater the amount of force needed (to accelerate the mass). This law is also called F=MA.
- Newton's 3rd Law of Motion states: For every action there is an equal an opposite reaction. This law is often referred to as the Action/Reaction Law.
1st Law of Motion
For Example: This ball will not move unless an outside force acts on it. If the ball is in motion the ball will not stop until an outside force acts on it.
2nd Law of Motion
For Example: In the picture a large and small mass are being thrown with the same force. With the small mass there is large acceleration, but with the large mass ther is small acceleration.
2nd Law of Motion
For Example: The balloon is blowing out air which is the action. While the balloon is blowing out air it is going up, this is the reaction.
Simple Machines
There are 6 simple machines. There is an inclined plane, wedge, screw, lever, wheel and axle, and a pulley. We use simple machines all the time. Did you know a ramp is a simple machine? Well it actually is. Simple machines are everywhere, let's go check some out!
Inclined Plane
An inclined plane is a flat surface with one end higher than the other. An example of an inclined plane is a ramp, because it is a flat surface with one end higher than the other.
Wedge
A wedge is an object that is thick at one edge, tapered to a thin edge at the other. An example of a wedge is a knife, because it is thinner at one end.
Screw
A screw is an inclined plane that is wrapped around a cylinder. An example of a screw is, well a screw. A screw is a screw because it is an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder.
Lever
A lever is a straight bar that pivots on or around a fulcrum. An example of a lever is a seesaw, because the seesaw pivots around a fulcrum.
Wheel & Axle
A wheel and axle is a wheel attached to a bardo that they rotate together. An example of a wheel and axle is a tire, because the tire is attached to a bar and they rotate together.
Pulley
A pulley is a chain, belt, or rope wrapped around a wheel. An example of a pulley is the blinds on a window, because the rope to pull the blinds up and down is a rope pulling the blinds up and down.
Compound Machines
A compound machine is a machine that consists of 2 or more simple machines. An example of a compound machine is a wheel barrow. A wheel barrow consists of a lever and a wheel and axle.
A bicycle is an example of a compound machine. A bicycle consists of wheel and axle, lever, pulley, screws, and inclined plane. As you see in the picture.
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Mallory-Simple Machines