Galileo Galilei
and Pioneer Venus 1&2
Galileo discovered the pendulum theory which led to the discovery of clocks in 1580. Then in 1609 he constructed a super telescope that had 2x the power of the one that a Dutch eyeglass maker made. Proved law of constant acceleration in 1604. In 1610 he discovered the 3 Galilean moons around Jupiter and found Venus had phases.
The only technology that Galileo used was a telescope and a light.
Pioneer Venus
Took pictures of Venetian solar winds on December 4th 1978. It discovered how strong Venus solar winds are. The tech used on the pioneers includes: superchargers rockets antennas and thermal cameras.