Periodic table Assignment
By John Phan - 8 Science Blue 2016
Part A: Developments of the Periodic Table
The Periodic Table is a table of the chemical elements, with them arranged so that similar elements appear together. The table was made by many scientists over many centuries and the most important contributions to the table are on this timeline to the right (You can view it by clicking on it and zooming it).
The table was first started in 1862 by Alexandre - Emile Beguyer de Chancourtois and it was a cylinder model which has evolved over the last 2 centuries and is now a table that lists the elements in order of atomic number. The table is being updated more and more as we find new elements.
The table was first started in 1862 by Alexandre - Emile Beguyer de Chancourtois and it was a cylinder model which has evolved over the last 2 centuries and is now a table that lists the elements in order of atomic number. The table is being updated more and more as we find new elements.
Part B: Properties of the Periodic Table
The Periodic Table is arranged in order of atomic mass and they are grouped so that each column or columns represent a group in the periodic table, e.g. The Noble Gases. The Periodic table is also arranged in the following ways to group it in other ways so that we can determine the properties of an element just by looking at the table.
Properties:
Properties:
- Ionization energy is the energy required to expel an electron from an atom and its magnetic pull and the amount needed is its Ionization potential. The Ionization energy goes up as a group in the Periodic table because there are less electrons shielding the outer ones from the Nucleus's pull and so the amount of energy needed to pull it out is greater. It also increases as you go left to right on the Periodic table because the nuclear charge is higher and it makes the nucleus hold on stronger to the electron.
- Electronegativity is the measurement of an atom competing for electrons in a bond and it increases as a group as you go up the periodic table and from left to right as atoms with high Ionization energy have a strong pull from the Nucleus onto the Electrons.
- Electron Affinity is the energy charge when an electron is added to a gaseous atom and it can have either a positive or negative value. It decreases and goes negative as a group up and from left to right of the table and it becomes more stable the more negative it is. However, not all elements follow this rule including Oxygen, Nitrogen and Fluorine. The noble gases also don't gain many electrons so their electron configuration is around 0 and means they do not follow the same Electron Affinity rule as the other elements.
Part C:
Metal: Gold
- Gold is the English word for the metal and it comes from the Germanic word Gulba meaning gold. In Latin, the name for gold is Aurum which is why the symbol for gold is Au.
- Gold was figured to be in California by many people for many years, but it was discovered by James W. Marshall on the 24th of July, 1848 when he saw something shiny in Sutter Creek, California. He discovered it while overseeing construction on the American river.
Chemical Properties
- Atomic Mass - 196.96657
- Isotopes - 7
- Electronegativity - 2.4
- Gold does not react with Nonmetals except for Halogens which it forms Halides with.
- Gold can be used for jewellery to decorate a person and it can be used in earrings, necklaces and rings.
- Gold are also used in electronics since electronics devices use very low voltages that can be interrupted and corroded easily. This is why gold is used since gold is an effective conductor of electricity and can also be hard to corrode. Nowadays nearly ever electronic device has at least a bit of gold in it.
Nonmetal: Oxygen
- The name oxygen was made by Antoine Lavoisier in the 18th century when he combined the Greek words Oxy, meaning acid Gene, meaning create. At the time he mistakenly thought that Oxygen was a neccesary component for making acid and the symbol for acid, O, was due to the fact that it was the first element that started with O.
- Oxygen was discovered by Carl W. Scheele in Sweden but it was unpublished and the first published report of it was when Joseph Priestly from England heated several components including potassium nitrate, manganese oxide and mercury oxide to make Oxygen.
Chemical Properties:
- Oxygen is highly reactive
- Oxygen is easily capable of combining with other elements.
- Oxygen is highly para magnetic
- Electronegativity - 3.44 (2nd highest for a reactive element).
Uses for Oxygen:
- Oxygen is in 20.95% of the air and it is vital for us or else we would die. Oxygen can also mixed with other gases so that we can breathe in places like high flying aircraft and spaceships.
- Oxygen can also be used as an oxidizer for spaceships and used in places where there is no oxygen or other gases that are required for aircraft to fly.
Bibliography:
- Science Learn.org workers, 5th of July, 2016, Development of the Periodic Table, 24th of November, 2016, http://sciencelearn.org.nz/Contexts/Just-Elemental/Looking-Closer/Development-of-the-periodic-table
- BBC workers, 19th of September, 2012, The Periodic Table, 25th of November, 2016, http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/edexcel_pre_2011/patterns/periodictablerev1.shtm
- University of California, 2nd of October, 2013, Periodic Properties of the Elements, 26th of November, 2016, http://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Inorganic_Chemistry/Descriptive_Chemistry/Periodic_Trends_of_Elemental_Properties/Periodic_Properties_of_the_Elements
- Geology.com Contributors, 9th of August, 2014, The Many uses of Gold, 28th of November, 2016, http://geology.com/minerals/gold/uses-of-gold.shtmlhttp://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/oxygen-uses.html
- Columbia University Press, 2012, Oxygen: Uses, 30th Of November, 2016 http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/oxygen-uses.html