The Nervous System
By Olivia Graves
What is the Nervous System?
The Brain
Cerebellum: The cerebellum, which is divided into two hemispheres and has a highly folded surface, monitors and adjusts movement, posture, and balance.
Limbic System: The limbic system or the "emotional brain" is found within the cerebrum. It contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, and the hippocampus.
Brain Stem: The brain stem, found under the limbic system, controls involuntary functions within the body such as breathing and heartbeat.
The Spinal Cord
Nerves
The nerves of the cervical region connect to the back of the head, neck, shoulders, arms, hands, and the diaphragm. Nerves in the thoracic region attach to chest, areas of the abdomen, and muscles in the upper back. In the lumbar region, the nerves link with the lower back and abdomen, buttocks, and parts of the legs. The nerves of the sacral region connect with the thighs, lower legs, and feet.
Nerve Cells
Possible Diseases & Treatments
Narcolepsy: Narcolepsy is the uncontrollable condition that induces brief episodes of sleep. Narcolepsy is caused by the low levels of Hypocretin, a neurochemical that regulates REM sleep, in the spinal fluid. Symptoms of narcolepsy include excessive sleepiness, rapid loss of toned muscles, sleep paralysis, and hallucinations. Although narcolepsy does not have a cure, patients are given drugs that keep them awake during the day and others to help improve sleep at night.
Encephalitis: Encephalitis is the inflammation of the brain tissue and can be caused by viral and bacterial infections directly attacking the brain tissue or as a response to an infects somewhere else in the body. Patients suffering from encephalitis may experience headache, fever, and achy or weak muscles and joints. Patients could also experience hallucinations, seizures, double vision, and loss of consciousness. Treatment for encephalitis includes bed rest, drinking fluids, and anti-inflammatory drugs.
Article Summary
Works Cited
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