The Sun
Kendall Spell
The Core
Radioactive Zone
Convection Zone
Photosphere
Chromosphere
The chromosphere is an irregular layer above the photosphere where the temperature rises from 6000°C to about 20,000°C. At these higher temperatures hydrogen emits light that gives off a reddish color. This colorful emission can be seen in prominences that project above the limb of the sun during total solar eclipses. This is what gives the chromosphere its name (color-sphere).
Corona
A corona (Latin, 'crown') is an aura of plasma that surrounds the sun and other celestial bodies. The Sun's corona extends millions of kilometres into space and is most easily seen during a total solar eclipse, but it is also observable with a coronagraph.
Sunspots
Sunspots are temporary phenomena on the photosphere of the Sun that appear visibly as dark spots compared to surrounding regions. They correspond to concentrations of magnetic field flux that inhibit convection and result in reduced surface temperature compared to the surrounding photosphere.
Prominence
Flare
Aurora
Cited Sources
http://www.windows2universe.org/sun/Solar_interior/Sun_layers/radiative_zone.html
http://www.windows2universe.org/sun/Solar_interior/Sun_layers/Convection_zone/convection_zone.html
http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/surface.shtml
http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/chromos.shtml
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunspot
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/News022411-monsterprom.html#.VzEshWOp6kg
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/gallery/aurora-index.html#.VzEtk2Op6kg