Chemistry Of Life
Sarah Emery
Water and its Characteristics
- Water is polar. Being polar means it has a positive and negative side one the ends of the molecule.
- Water has surface tension. Surface tension enables bugs to walk on water.
- Water has cohesion. Cohesion is where the same molecules are attracted to each other.
- Water has adhesion. Adhesion is where a water molecule attracts to another molecule.
- Water also has hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is the attraction between two polar molecules.
- Water is also known as H2O.
Water - Liquid Awesome: Crash Course Biology #2
Macromolecules
- Macromolecules are large molecules.
- Macromolecules are mostly made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.
- Four types of macromolecules. Carbohydrates, Protiens, Lipids, Nucleic Acids.
- Key source of energy for the body.
Carbohydrates
- Organic Compounds made of hydrogen , carbon , and oxygen.
- key source of energy for the body.
- enable cell interactions , plant structures, defense against invading viruses and bacteria.
- found in most foods.
- three common forms. Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides.
- Monosaccharides are basic sources of energy. Ex: glucose fructose.
- Disaccharides need to be digested to be used in cells. EX: Sucrose and Lactose.
- Polysaccharides is used for energy, stores plant energy and is used as a bug exoskeleton. Ex: starches, cellulose , chitin.
monosaccharides - disaccharides - polysaccharides
polysaccharide - cellulose
polysaccharide-chitin
Proteins
- enable all muscular movement.
- help your body defend against foreign invaders.
- carries oxygen into your blood cells.
- helps digest food.
- makes new proteins.
- Consists of 20 essential amino acids.
- Different shapes help determine which functions they preform.
- Ex: fibron (spider webs) , luciterase (fire flies) , prialt - nerve toxin (cobras , green florescent protiens (jellyfish) , Alpha Kerastin ( horns, feathers, nails)
- Also known as hemoglobin. ( takes oxygen to red blood cells)
Proteins
where they are found on the body
Protien
different amino acids and shape
Protein Structure
Lipids
- Commonly known as Fats.
- Unsaturated and Saturated. Unsaturated does not contain 3 hydrogen atoms. Saturated have 3 hydrogen atoms and form Triglyceride. Also polysaturated which have more than one double bond in the chain.
- Stores energy.
- Sources of energy.
- Make up cell membranes and long term energy
- Unsaturated fatty acids are hydrophobic. which means they hate water and sit on top of water like oil sits on top because it is unsaturated and hydrophobic. have an inability to dissolve in water.
- When glycerol and 3 fatty acids are linked together they form Triglyceride.
Saturated and Unsaturated Structure
Unsaturated - Hydrophobic
oil is hydrophobic because it is an unsaturated fatty acid
Hydrophillic and Hydrophobic
Hydrophillic- Loves water or attracted to water
Hydrophobic - hates water or not attracted to water.
Nucleic Acids
- Nucleic Acids make up the acids in our body
- Examples: DNA- Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid , RNA - Ribon Nucleic Acid , ATP: Adenosine Tri Phosphate , ADP - Adenosine Di Phosphate, AMP - Adenosine Mono Phosphate.
- Building Blocks or Monomer Building blocks (mono-one mer - parts )
- Polymer (poly- many mer- parts) made of Nucleotides.
- Nitrogenous base , Phospherous , Pentose sugar.
DNA and RNA structures
Nucleotide structure
ATP,AMP, and ADP.
Adenosine Tri Phosphate
Adenosine Di Phosphate
Adenosne Mono Phosphate
Biological Molecules - You Are What You Eat: Crash Course Biology #3