The Sun
Module 16.3
Core
The Core takes Hydrogen and converts it to Helium, creating energy and light. It is about 15,000,000° C, or 27,000,000° F. It's density is 150 g/cm³.
Radioactive Zone
Light bounces through this zone as protons, this also has massive amounts of radiation. The temperature can go from 7,000,000° C to 2,000,000° C. The density goes from 20 g/cm³ to 0.2 g/cm³.
Convective Zone
This part of the sun is 2,000,000° C, it is cold enough to have carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, calcium, and iron. It is still way too hot and boils all of these up, hence "Convective". It's depth is 200,000 km.
Photosphere
This is the part we can see, it hurt out eyes, but we can see it. This is 100 km thick, this is the coldest layer.
Chromosphere
This emits a reddish color, but can only be seen during a total solar eclipse.
Corona
White line Corona can only be seen during a total eclipse, and is, obviously, white. Emission Corona can only be seen during a total eclipse, is green, and is over 1,000,000°C. X-ray Corona can only be seen with an X-Ray, and shows the changes in heat.
Sunspots
A sunspot is a part of the photosphere that appears dark because it has a reduced temperature.
Prominence
A prominence is a giant arch that anchors itself to the Photosphere, and extends out to the Corona.
Flare
A flare is when magnetic energy is built up in the Sun's atmosphere, and is then rapidly released.
Aurora
This happens when oxygen and nitrogen electrons collide, in space, creating colored light.