flooding
By Emma Williams
define the problem flooding
flooding is the forwarding by a router of a packet from any node to every other node attached to the router except the node from which the packet arrived. Flooding is a way to distribute routing information updates quickly to every node in a large network. It is also sometimes used in multi case packets (from one source node to many specific nodes in a real or virtual network).
lwhat causes flooding
Flooding occurs most commonly from heavy rainfall when natural watercourses do not have the capacity to convey excess water. However, floods are not always caused by heavy rainfall. They can result from other phenomena, particularly in coastal areas where inundation can be caused by a storm surge associated with a tropical cyclone, a tsunami or a high tide coinciding with higher than normal river levels. Dam failure, triggered for example by an earthquake, will result in flooding of the downstream area, even in dry weather conditions.
what effect this having on the enviroment
You asked about the effects of flooding on the environment. This is a pretty broad question, but I'll try to provide some answers to what I think you are asking about.
First, floods are part of the natural cycle of things. The benefits of natural floods almost certainly outweigh the negative aspects. The problems start when flooding occurs in areas of large-scale human development of the landscape.
In areas largely inhabited by people, there are both positive and negative environmental effects of flooding. Floods can distribute large amounts of water and suspended river sediment over vast areas. In many areas, this sediment helps replenish valuable topsoil components to agricultural lands and can keep the elevation of a land mass above sea level. An example of the latter case is the Mississippi delta. Before the Mississippi and associated rivers were controlled in levees in southern Louisiana, the rivers would frequently spill their banks.
First, floods are part of the natural cycle of things. The benefits of natural floods almost certainly outweigh the negative aspects. The problems start when flooding occurs in areas of large-scale human development of the landscape.
In areas largely inhabited by people, there are both positive and negative environmental effects of flooding. Floods can distribute large amounts of water and suspended river sediment over vast areas. In many areas, this sediment helps replenish valuable topsoil components to agricultural lands and can keep the elevation of a land mass above sea level. An example of the latter case is the Mississippi delta. Before the Mississippi and associated rivers were controlled in levees in southern Louisiana, the rivers would frequently spill their banks.
what effect is flooding having on humans
Floods are the most common natural disaster and the leading cause of natural disaster fatalities worldwide. Risk of catastrophic losses due to flooding is significant given deforestation and the increasing proximity of large populations to coastal areas, river basins and lakeshores. The objectives of this review were to describe the impact of flood events on human populations in terms of mortality, injury, and displacement and, to the extent possible, identify risk factors associated with these outcomes. This is one of five reviews on the human impact of natural disasters
what has been done to minimise the floods
Floods are natural and inevitable, and large cities like Melbourne can’t be protected from all flooding. However, some floods are extreme and we aim to minimise their risk to people, property and infrastructure.
possible solutions of the flodding probelm
- Build additional or expand current reservoir to control water flow to Jakarta
- Concrete reinforcement of river bank at crucial areas instead of stone and cement
- Increase drainage capacity
- Install litter traps to manage chocking of drains along with constant maintenance
- Increase and strategic placement of drain holes on roads
- Increase tree plantation to building area ratio in Jakarta
- Build pond(s) near flood prone areas
- Move squatters along the river bank and provide them with alternative location since some litters are contributed by them, this should also help reduce water pollution
- Cloud seeding could be used as strategy to artificially induce rain at safer location or time