Chemistry
By: Jessica Manzano 4th Period Mrs.Thorpe
Atoms
Atoms-
The basic particle from which all elements are made.
There are four structure in an atom.
- Neutron- no charge
- Proton- Positive charge
- Electron- negative charge
- Nucleus- core of the atom
Neutron- a small particle in the nucleus of the atom with no electrical charge
Proton- small positively charged particle in the nucleus of the atom
Electron-tiny negatively charge particle that moves around the nucleus of an atom
Nucleus-central core of an atom contains protons and usually neutrons
Elements
Element-
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical or physical means.
Example of an element:
Molecules
Molecules-
Made up of atoms that are held together by chemical bond
Smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.
Example of a molecule:
Compounds
Compound-
Pure substance made of two or more elements combined
Compounds are combined in a set of ratio, and are difficult to separate.
When Combined they form a new property.
Examples of compounds:
Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical Change-
Makes the substance look different but it is still the same substance
Examples:
- cutting paper
- shaping clay
- chopping vegetables
Chemical Change-
Changes the substance into something else
Examples:
- burning wood
- baking cookies
- cooking an egg
Difference Between Physical and Chemical Change
Endothermic and Exothermic
Endothermic-
A change in which energy is taken in
Example:
- melting ice
Exothermic-
A change in which energy is given off
Example:
- freezing ice
States of Matter
Solid-
A state of matter that has a definite shape and size
Liqiud-
A state of matter that has no definite shape but has a definite volume
Gas-
A state of matter with no definite shape or size
Particles in Each State
Solid-
Liquid-
Gas-
Substances for Each State
Solid-
- wood
- ice
- gold
Liquid-
- water
- milk
- coffee
Gas-
- oxygen
- hydrogen
- carbon dioxide
How Matter Changes
Solid to Gas - Sublimation
Solid to Liquid - Melting
Liquid to Gas - Vaporization
Liquid to Solid - Freezing
Gas to Liquid - Condensation
Gas to Solid - Deposition
How Energy Relates to Matter Changing State
Energy-
How Energy Makes Matter Change-
Solid to Liquid - Melting Process (Solid taking up heat changes to Liquid)
Liquid to Solid - Freezing Process (Liquid losing heat to surrounding cools off to form Solid)
Liquid to Gas - Evaporation (Water taking up heat from surroundings changes to Gas)
Gas to Liquid - Condensation (One throws steam on cold surface steam or gas loses heat to surface and changes to liquid)