Heredity PBL
Jose Roque, Kit Crews, David Garang, Caleb Habtegebriel
Our Creature
What is DNA and why is it important?
-DNA is made up of two chains of repeating Nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of three components. These components are:
Phosphate Group
2-deoxyribose sugar
A nitrogen containing base
cytosine
adenine
guanine
thymine
- DNA is important in the inheritance of traits because the coils of DNA, chromosomes, are inherited and are matched up with the opposite parent's chromosomes to create the trait. If the DNA is wrong, then the trait is going to be fluctuated.
DNA Strands
Components of DNA
- 5 carbon sugar
- Nitrogenous base
DNA sequence
Mutations in DNA Sequence
-The translocation of chromosome 8 causes Burkitt's lymphoma
Deletion: This mutation results from the breakage of a chromosome in which the genetic material becomes lost during cell division
-Deletion of part of chromosome 15 causes Angelman syndrome
Duplication: Duplications are produced when extra copies of genes are generated on a chromosome.
- Drosophia bar eye is caused from the duplication of a chromosome
Inversion: In an inversion, the broken chromosome segment is reversed and inserted back into the chromosome.
-Inversion of chromosome 9 may lead to infertility.
Insertions - Occurs when an extra nucleotide is added.
-Polyploidy, makes plants stronger by adding an extra set of chromosomes.
Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
Non- Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
Codominance- both alleles are expressed in the heterozygote phenotype.
Sex-linked Inheritance- sex-linked traits are carried on one of the sex-determining chromosomes. Out of 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans, one pair contains the sex chromosomes.
What is Meiosis? What is Sexual reproduction?
Independent Assortment
the genetic information a person receives from each parent is randomly divided and this random distribution of paternal and maternal chromosomes shows us that genes for different traits are inherited separately.
Crossing Over
The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. The regions exchanged are usually located at the tips of the chromosomes but may be located in any region of a chromosome.
What is karyotype? What is pedigree?
Pedigree- a visual representation of how a trait is passed on through generations in a family. It is a graphic representation of a family tree. Chromosomal analysis can help us see whether if any of the family is affected or a carrier of a certain disease or change in a trait.
Using these techniques, we can see how the future generations are slowing getting used to this new trait and how evolution is happening.