Classification
Melany Morris
350 BC Aristotle
Aristotle was a Greek philosopher. He was well known for dividing organism groups into 2 seperate parts, plants and animals. He divided animals into 3 groups according to how they moved- walking, flying, or swimming. He also divded the animals into blood and bloodless group.
1519-1603 - Andrea Caesalpino
Andrea Caesalpino proposed the first methodical arrangment of plants. On the basis of the structure of trunk and fructification he divided plants into 15 higher genera.
1627-1705- John Ray
John Ray was an English naturalist who published important works on plants, animals, and natural theology. He classified plants according to similarities and differences that emerged from observation.
1707- Linnaeus
Swedish botanist who published systemal nature. He also divided animals into one of two kingdoms, plants and animals. He designed a system of naming organisms called binomials which gave each organism 2 names, Genus and species. Genus is always capitalized while species is never capitalized. His classification system is still used today but instead we use a 5 kingdom system.
1652-1723- Augustus Quirinus
Augustus Quirinus introduced the category of order. He abolished the anvient division of plants into herbs and trees. He insisted that the method of divison should be based on the parts of the fructification alone.
1656-1708- Joseph Pitton de Tournefort
He introduced an even more sophisticated hierarchy of class, section, genus, and species. He composed species names that consisted of a generic name and a many-worded disgnostic phrase.
1866-Ernst Haeckel
Ernst was a Germa biologist, neturalist, and philosopher who discovered and named thousands of new species, and created many new terms in biology including antrhopogeny, ecology, and the kingdom, protista.
1925- Édouard Chatton
Edouard was a French biologst who first characterized the distinction between the eukaryotic and prokaryotic system of cellular organization.
1938- Herbert Copeland
Herbert was an American biologist who contributed to the theory of biological kingdom. His father Edwin Copeland was responsible for the fourth kingdom Monera.
1969- Robert Harding Whittaker
He was the first to propose the five-kingdom classification of the world's biota into the Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Monera in 1959. He also proposed the Whittaker Biome Classification, which categorized biome-types upon two abiotic factors: temperature and precipitation.
1990- Carl Woese
Carl was an american microbiologist and biophysicist. He is famous for defining the Archaea (A kingdom of life). He also revolutionised the discipline of microbiology.
1998- Thomas Cavalier-Smith
He worked with the classification of protists. One of his major contribution to biology was his proposal of a new kingdom of life: The Chromista.
The primary uses of classification in present day science.
Classification is used in present day science to help distinguish and diminish the size of large groups of animals. It puts them together by similarities and separates them by differences. Classification is an organized way to aid in understand the groups of animals and why they are grouped that way. It also describes a way to associate relationships between different organisms by placing them in common groups.
Sources
Aristotle -http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/aristotle.html
Biology of Animals & Plants-http://faculty.fmcc.suny.edu/mcdarby/animals&plantsbook/History/02-Explaining-Life-Classification.htm
Carl Linnaeus- http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/linnaeus.html
Classification-http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/classification