Cellular Respiration
Review
Overview
- Process that helps break down carbohydrates to build ATP.
- Requires oxygen to occur and gives off carbon dioxide as a result.
- Helps breakdown glucose into water and carbon dioxide.
Stage 1: Glycolysis - 2 ATP Produced
- Takes place in the cytoplasm
- Series of reactions that break down glucose in half, thus two smaller molecules of pyruvate result.
Stage 2: Citric Acid / Krebs Cycle - 2 ATP produced
- Takes place in the mitochondria.
- Receives Pyruvate from glycolysis
- Turns glycolysis into NADH/FADH2, thus sending NADH/FADH2 to the Electron Transport Chain
- Series of reactions that strip electrons from the bonds between the carbon and hydrogen atoms that were originally in glucose and are now in pyruvate.
- All electrons are passed to NADH and FADHâ‚‚ , which are electron carriers.
- Electron carriers carry them to the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
- Will stop if no oxygen is available
Stage 3: Electron Transport Chain - 36 ATP produced
- Takes place in the mitochondria.
- Fuels the bulk of ATP production.
- Allows for the creation of a hydrogen gradient aka the engine for ATP production.
- NADH+ and FADH2 pass on electrons that move through the electron transportation chain.
- Every time they go through one of the protein complexes, the complexes are going to pump another proton ion out, therefore creating a hydrogen filled inner-membrane space.
- The protons move through a concentration gradient into the ATP synthase, thereby generating ATP.
- ATP is produced because the H+ is attached to ADP and Pi which forms ATP.
Introduction to cellular respiration | Cellular respiration | Biology | Khan Academy