Macromolecule 4 Teens
Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins
Do you know what a lipid is?
Lipids
Elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Monomers and polymers: none
Types:Cholesterol, fatty acid, triglyceride, fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, sterol lipids and prenol lipids (derived from condensation of isoprene subunits), and prenol lipids and saccharolipids (derived from condensation of ketoacyl subunits)
Functions: energy storage, structural components of cell membranes, important signaling molecules
Proteins
Where are proteins in everyday life?
Proteins
Elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and selenium
Monomers and polymers: amino acids and polypeptides
Types: structural, storage, hormonal, enzyme, defensive, receptor, contractile and transport
Functions: helps with growth and repair, builds body parts, provides energy, carries oxygen in the blood and fights germs
What are nucleic acids?
Nucleic Acids
Elements: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil.
building blocks are made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
Monomers and Polymers: RNA and DNA are polymers made up of nucleotides.
Types: DNA, RNA, and nucleotides.
Functions: makes up genetic information in living things.
Carbohydrates
Elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Sub groups: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
Polymers: sugars
energy sources are starch, glucose, and sucrose
Functions: give fuel to our bodies and is a raw materials for building molecules are monosaccharides. Polysaccharides are for plants and the glucose molecules join together.
Examples for disaccharides are table sugar, milk sugar, and alcohol sugar.