Grammar
By: Emma and Flo
Phrases
Phrase-a group of words that does not contain a subject or a verb.
Prepositonal phrase-A modifying phrase consisting of a preposition and its object.
Participial Phrases- It is always used as an adjective phrase to modify a noun or pronoun. It includes the participle together with its modifiers, objects, or predicate words.
Appositeive phrases- It is a noun or noun phrase that renames other nouns right beside it. The appositive can be a short or long combination of words.
Prepositional Phrase Examples
Ex:
He dunked the ball over them.
He dunked the ball [over them.]
The cow jumped over the moon.
The cow jumped [over the moon.]
Prepositions
About, above, across, after, against, along, among, around, as, at before, behind, below, beneath, beside, besides, between, beyond, but, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, inside, into, like, near, of, off, on, onto, opposite, out, outside, over, past, since, through, to, toward, under, underneath, until, up, upon, with, within, without.
Participical Phrase
A participial phrases always begins with a participle witch is a verb ending in ed, en, or ing.
Ex: Annoyed by the noise, the teacher spoke fiercely to the class.
Appositive Phrases
Appositive Phrase- It is a noun or noun phrase that renames another noun right beside it. The appositive can be a short or long combination of words.
Examples
Ex: The insect,a large spider with hairy legs, is crawling across the kitchen table.
Independent Clause
Independent Clause- contains a subject and a verb-makes a complete sentence-it can stand alone
independent clause = sentences
Dependent Clause
Dependent clause- A clause in a complex sentence that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence and that functions within the sentence as a noun or adjective or adverb.
Simple Sentence
Simple Sentence-(Independent Clause). A sentence consisting of only one clause, with a single subject and predicate.
Compound Sentence
Compound Sentence (independent clause)- Has two simple sentences, or independent clauses. The clauses are connected one of two ways: with a coordinator or coordinating conjunction, or with a semicolon.
Complex Sentences
Complex Sentence (Dependent and Independent clauses)-Has one independent clause (sentence) and at least one dependent clause. A dependent clause has a subject and verb, but is not a complete thought, so it cannot stand alone. These two clauses are joined by a special word (after, although, as, as if, because, before, even if, even though, if, in order to, since, though, unless, until, whatever, when, whenever, whether, and while).