Mid-Year Review
Chemistry, Earth History, Infectious Diseases
Chemistry-8.p.1- Understand the properties matter and changes the occur when matter interacts in an open and closed container.
Chemical Properties- A characteristic that you can only observe by changing the identity of the substance.
Physical change- Any change that does not involve a change in the substance's chemical identity.
Chemical change- Any change in matter that results in the formation of a new chemical substance.
Elements- Made up of atoms cannot be separated into simpler form. Ex: Oxygen, sodium
Compound- Made up of 2 or more atoms of different elements that are bonded together. Ex: H2O
Mixtures- Combination of 2 or more pure substances that are held together by physical forces, not chemical.
Periodic Table- Is organized by increasing atomic numbers.
Groups- The vertical rows of elements on the periodic Table.
Periods- The horizontal rows of elements on the periodic table.
Metals-A substance in its pure state, as distinguished from alloys.
Non-Metals- An element without metallic properties.
Metalliods- An element that has both metallic and nonmetallic properties.
Atomic Number- The mass of an isotope of an element.
Atomic Mass- The mass of an isotope element.
protons- Positive charged element particle that is a fundamental of a atomic nuclei.
Neutrons- An element particle having no charge.
Electrons- An element particle that is a fundamental constituent of matter.
Law of conversation of mass- systems closed to all transfers of matter and energy must remain constant over time.
Earth History
Index Fossils- A fossil that is useful for dating and correlating the strata in which it is found.
Ice Cores- Sample that is typically removed from an ice sheet.
Geologic Time Scale- A system of chronological measurement that relates stratigraphy to time.
Relative dating-Determining the relative order of past events, without necessarily determining their absolute age.
Absolute dating- Process of determining an approximate age in archaeology and geology.
Half-life/Radioactive Decay- Time required for one half the atoms of a given amount of a radioactive substance to disintegrate.
Infectious diseases
Virus-An invective agent that consists of a nucleic acid in a protein coat.
Bacteria-Microscopic living organisms,usually one-celled,that can be found everywhere.
Fungi- Single-celled organisms that live by decomposing and absorbing organic material.
Parasite-An organism that lives on or in an organism of another species, known as the host, from the body of which it obtains nutriment.
Epidemic- An outbreak of an infectious disease that only influences a small population.
Pandemic- A world-wide out break of an infectious disease.
Prevention- Vaccines(viruses)
Treatment- Antibiotics(bacterial infections)
Biotechnology- The use of living cells (bacteria, ect) to make useful products.
Careers- Biochemist; Biophysicist; Microbiologist