Ch. 16.1 study guide
World Civ.
Nicolaus Copernicus
- says Ptolemy's theory is wrong
- Ptolemy's theory - geocentric (earth centered)
- Copernicus's theory - heliocentric (sun centered)
Scientific Revolution
- time of expanded scientific discovery, math and reliance on experiments and facts to explain things.
Johannes Kepler
- laws of Planetary Motion
-planets move faster when they are closer to the sun
-discusses time it takes for a planet to complete an orbit around the sun
Roger Bacon
- called Dr. Mirabilis - means wonderful teacher
- one of first to rely on experiments and hard facts rather than religious explanations
Galileo Galilei
- improved telescope
-church calls it invention of the devil
- Inquisition
2. spends rest of his life under house arrest
Isaac Newton
- universal gravitation
-force of attraction can be measured
- ties together movement of all things on Earth and in the universe
- develops calculus
- leads ppl to view world differently (less g-d controlled, more scientific)
Andreas Vesalius
- Founder of Human Anatomy
- 7 volume book - On the Fabric of the Human Body
William Harvey
- worked on circulatory system
- arteries away
Rene Descartes
- questioned everything
- Discourse on Method
- his work on light leads to "law of refraction" which is basic foundation of optics
Francis Bacon
- need repeated experiments + observation to trust results
- truth through physical observation, not deductive reasoning
- enters Cambridge University at age 12
- enters Parliament in early 20s
Gottfried Liebnitz
- develops calculus independent of Newton
- known for his large hair
Robert Boyle
- father of modern chemistry
- chemistry
-temperature and pressure affect the space that a gas occupies
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
- discovered bacteria using a microscope - called them animalcules
Joseph Priestley
- discovered oxygen
Antoine Lavoisier
- named oxygen
- fire is not an element -> comes from combining a substance with oxygen
- matter can change form but not be created nor destroyed -> law of conservation of matter
The Scientific Method
- method of inquiry that includes carefully conducted experiments and mathematical calculations to verify the results of experiments.
Summary
- this period is called the Scientific Revolution