Dwight D. Eisenhower
1952-1960
Presidential Election
-1952
- 34th President of the United States
-took place when Cold War tension between the United States and Soviet Union was increasing
-Eisenhower ran against Adlai Stevenson (Governor against Illinois)
-Truman could've run for president again since the 22nd amendment did not effect that current administration. However, his popularity plummeted so he decided not to run.
-Eisenhower picked Nixon as his running mate
-Issues that were addressed were stopping communists.
-1956
-Ran against Adlai Stevenson (Democrat)
-Vice President was Richard Nixon
-Eisenhower won with 457 electoral votes and 35,590,472 popular votes
Cold War
- Political tension between USSR and US
- 1945-1990
- 1953: Dien Bien Phu has Communist control, Vietnam splits, SEATO created
- 1955: Warsaw Pact signed
- 1956: Suez Crisis
- 1957: Eisenhower Doctrine launched Sputnik I and Sputnik II
- 1958: National Defense Education Act pass
- 1959: Fidel Castro in power
- 1960: American U-2 spy plane shot down
Joseph McCarthy
- Joseph McCarthy thought Democrats and government officials were traitors
- Brought attention to Secretary of State Dean Acheson hiring 205 communists, but he did not.
- Attacked U.S army and army fought back
- Eventually kicked out of the Senate
- Died on May 2, 1957
Desegregation
- Sweatt v. Painter- separate schools for different races ruled unequal in 1950
- Little Rock Crisis: Governor Faubus did not want 9 black students going to Little Rock high school. Eisenhower had troops escort them to school instead
- Rosa Parks arrested for in the white section of a bus in 1955
- Civil Rights Act of 1957: permanent Civil Rights Commission
- Montgomery Buss Boycott: MLK Jr. started nonviolent way of protesting government
- Brown v. Board of Education: said that segregation was unconstitutional in schools in 1954
Republicanism Policies
- Reduced military funding from military buildup
- cancelled the "Indian New Deal"
- kept certain new deal programs (social security, unemployment, insurance, etc.)
- Started small companies and got rid of large public companies
- transfered control of oil fields to state government
Vietnam War
- US did not help French in fear of another war
- eventually agreed to help Diem, after he said to make changes
- Eisenhower still did not help Britain and France even in the Suez Crisis (they wanted oil)
- Stalin denounced in 1956
- Sues Crisis: President Nasser of Egypt nationalized Suez Canal
- U.S limited Hungarian immigration yo 30,000 people due to heightened violence
- Eisenhower Doctrine: 1957, promised aid (military and economic( to Middle Eastern countries
Space Race
- Soviets launched Sputnik I, which was the first artificial satellite, on October 4th, 1957
- NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) was made
- Satellite launched in 1958
- National Defense and Education Act (NDEA) was made in 1958.
- NDEA used education loans and grants