History Revision
Germany's Struggles
The terms and conditions of the Treaty of Versailles
1. The Covenant of the League of Nations - Germany was not allowed to join.
2. The Rhineland was demilitarised - the German army was not allowed to go there.
3. The Saar, with its rich coalfields, given to France for 15 years.
4. Alsace-Lorraine returned to France.
5. Germany forbidden to unite with Austria.
6. Lands in eastern Germany - the rich farmlands of Posen and the Polish corridor between 7. Germany and East Prussia - given to Poland.
8. Danzig made a free city under League of Nations control.
9. All Germany's colonies taken and given to France and Britain as 'mandates'.
10. The German army restricted to 100,000 men.11. The German navy restricted to six battleships and no submarines.12. Germany not allowed to have an air force.13. Germany was responsible for causing all the loss and damage caused by the war.
14. Germany would have to pay reparations, to be decided later - eventually set at 132 billion gold marks.
Other Treaties
Four other treaties were made with the countries that had helped Germany during the war.
Germany's other allies had to also follow the basic principals of the Treaty of Versailles.
E.G.:
The defeated countries had to disarm. They had to pay reparations. They lost land and New countries were formed.
Consequences and Opinions of the Treaties
Losing land
Many countries lost land due to their Treaties. This had a negative effect on their economy and populated areas.
Opinions of the Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles was unpopular, not only with the Germans, but also with the people who had drawn it up. Even at the time, the peace-makers left the conference feeling that they had failed to make a treaty that would keep the peace, and historians have ever since blamed the Treaty of Versailles for helping to cause the Second World War.
Turkey: Treaty of Sèvres (10 Aug 1920)
50,000 soldiers, seven sailboats and six torpedo boats None Smyrna and East Thrace to Greece, Rhodes to Italy Kurdistan, Armenia, Hejaz (Arabia). Iraq and Palestine became British mandates. Syria became a French mandate Afterwards: Turkish nationalists, led by Kemel Attaturk, rebelled and rejected the treaty.
Austria: Treaty of Saint Germain (10 Sept 1919)
30,000 volunteers, no navy reparations agreed, but never set the Austro-Hungarian empire was dismantled, Tyrol lost to Italy Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Romania Afterwards: Austria went bankrupt before the amount of reparations could be set.
Hungary: Treaty of Trianon (4 June 1920)
35,000 volunteers, three patrol boats 200 million gold crowns The Austro-Hungarian empire was dismantled Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Romania Afterwards: Hungary could not pay the reparations, so its payments were suspended.
Bulgaria: Treaty of Neuilly (27 Nov 1919)
20,000 volunteers, four torpedo boats, no air force 2.25 billion francs Land to Yugoslavia, Romania and Greece Afterwards: Bulgaria paid its reparations.