Manufactured Fibers
Synthetic Fibers
What are Manufactured Fibers?
Manufactured Fibers are man-made, or synthetic. They are created by combining various substances with chemicals.
Creation of Manufactured Fibers
- Solid raw materials and chemicals are melted or dissolved. Th is forms a thick liquid.
- The thick liquid is pushed through the tiny holes of a machine called a spinneret, which then forms filaments. Filaments are long, continuous fibers.
- The filaments are finally stretched, hardened, and then crimped and/or cut to length.
Types
Cellulose:
- Made from the cellulose from plants, and are changed to usable fibers by using chemicals. Ex. Wood Pulp
Non-Cellulose:
- Made from petrochemical mixtures. Including crude oil, natural gas, air, and water.
Examples:
Nylon
Characteristics:
- First manufactured completely from chemicals
- Strong, durable, elastic
- Easy care, but heat sensitive
- Wrinkle resistant
- Clings to wearer
Uses:
- Hosiery
- Swimwear
- Windbreakers
Acrylic
Characteristics:
- Resembles wool
- Soft and warm; bulky yet lightweight
- Easy care
- Wrinkle resistant; Static buildup
Uses:
- Terrycloth
- Bathrobes
- Knitted garments
- Outdoor furniture fabrics
Acetate
Characteristics:
- Versatile
- Inexpensive
- Special care with cleaning
- Soft, easily dyed, and wrinkles easily
Uses:
- Neckties
- Lingerie
- Blouses
- Linens
Spandex
Characteristics:
- Stretchy
- Resistant to moisture.
- Easily damaged by bleach
Uses:
- Swimwear
- Dance wear
- Exercise wear
Polyester
Characteristics
- Made from coal or petroleum
- Resistant to wrinkles, shrinking, and stretching.
- Easy to care for
- Static buildup
Uses:
- Children's clothing
Rayon
Characteristics:
- Soft, absorbent, and comfortable.
- Inexpensive
- Stretches; weak when wet; wrinkles easily
Uses:
- Linens
- Sports Shirts
- Jackets