Chapter 3 Section 1
World History
Early Civilization of the India and Pakistian
Geography of the Indian Subcontinent
- Subcontinent- large landmass that juts out from a continent
- Three zones: Gangetic (N), dry Decan Plateau (raised area leveled land), and costal plains
Indus Civilization Rises and Falls
- Earliest South Asian Civilization started in present day Pakistan
- Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were possibly twin capitals
Making a Living by Farming and Trading
- Moat People were farmers
- -wheat, barley, melons, dates
- - Fist to cultivate and Weave cotton
- Merchants and traders
- - Cotton cloth,grain, copper, pears, ivory
Aryan Civilization Develops During the Vedic Age
- Nomads flocked towards Central Asia
- Nomads married locals and called themselves Aryans
- Acculturation-blending or two or more cultures
From Nomadic Life to Farming
- Began to cultivate crops and breed cattle
- made tools out of Iron
- Tribes were led by rajahs
- -ruled with the help of elders in the tribe
Aryan Structure of Society
- Social structure was based on Occupation
Aryan Religious Beliefs Develop
- Polytheistic
- Worshiped gods and goddesses who embodied natural forces
- - Sky, Sun, Storm, Fire
- Indra- God of War
Aryan Religious Beliefs Develop
- some moved towards brahman- a single spiritual power existed beyond the many gods of Vedas
- Mystics would seek direct communion with divine forces
- - through mediation and yoga