The Transition Metals
The Periodic Table of Elements
The Transition Metals
Dmitri Mendeleev's Periodic Table
History of The Transition Metals
The creator of the Periodic table was a Russian chemist and inventor named Dmitiri Mendeleev. He published his first periodic table in 1869. (shown above)
The chemistry of the Transition Metals is determined by the extent to which the D electron levels are filled. Chemical similarities can be easily seen horizontally across the d-block of the Periodic Table. The chemistry is far from simple, however, there are many exceptions to the specific filing of the electron shells. As recently stated, the chemical properties in the Periodic Table are grouped in two ways: vertically, or by group, Horizontally, by row or by period, for consistent periodic changes. For example, the Transitions metals in group 11 have similar characteristics of electrical conducting strength.
Uses/Products of the Transition Metals
The transition metals include most of the recognized metals, such as iron, copper, nickel, silver, and gold. Most of the transition metals are hard and shiny. Gold, copper, and some other transition metals have different colors. All of the transition metals are good conductors of electricity. The transition metals are mostly stable, reacting slowly or not at all with air and water. Ancient gold coins and jewelry are as beautiful and detailed today as they were thousands of years ago. Even when iron reacts with air and water, forming rust, it sometimes takes many years to react fully, not at all like the violent reactions of the alkali metals. Would you believe that you use transition metals inside your body? In fact, you would not survive very long without one of the transition metals--iron. Iron is an important part of a large molecule called hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in your bloodstream. Hemoglobin gives blood its bright red color.
Environmental and Safety Concerns
Mercury is highly toxic.The pure metal is absorbed easily by inhalation, ingestion or through the skin.
Long-term exposure to copper can cause nose irritation, mouth and eyes irritation and it causes headaches, stomach aches, dizziness, vomiting and diarrhea. Intentionally large exposure of copper may cause liver and kidney damage and even death.
Where are the Transition Metals located?
Some of the Major Transition Metals
Gold (Au)
Gold melts at 1064.43° Celsius
It boils at 2807.0° Celsius
discovered in
3000 B.C.
From the Latin word aurum
It is found in jewelry, electronics, and some coins
Valence electrons: 11
Copper (Cu)
Copper melts at 1083.0 °Celsius
Copper boils at 2567.0 °Celsius
discovered 9000 B.C.
It is used in jewelry, coins, and plumbing
Copper is man’s oldest metal, dating back more than 10,000 years.
Copper is an essential part of the human diet. Copper-rich foods include dried beans, almonds, broccoli, chocolate, garlic, soybeans, peas, whole wheat products, and seafood.
Valence Electrons: 11
Mercury (Hg)
Mercury melts at -38.87 °Celsius
Mercury boils at 356.58 °Celsius]\
discovered 2000 B.C.
Mercury has been found in 3,500 year old Egyptian tombs. Mercury can be used to make thermometers, barometers and other scientific instruments. Mercury conducts electricity and is used to make silent, position dependent switches. Mercury vapor is used in street lights, fluorescent lamps and advertising signs.Valence Electrons: 12
Iron (Fe)
Atomic # 26; Atomic Mass 55.845; Melting point 1535.0 °C; Boiling Point 2750.0 °C; 30 neutrons; it is unknown when and where it was discovered (ancient times). used for steel
Valence electrons: 8
Cobalt (Co)
Atomic number: 27 Atomic mass: 58.933 Melting point:1495.0 °C Boiling Point: 2870.0 °C Neutrons: 32 Discovered in 1737 by George Brandt; used for magnets, ceramics, special glasses
Valence electrons: 9
Silver (Ag)
Atomic number: 47; Atomic mass: 107.8682; Melting Point: 961.93 °C Boiling Point: 2212.0 °C; Neutrons: 61; Used for jewelry, photography, electrical conductor Unknown when discovered. (ancient times)
Valence electrons: 11
Google Maps Pictures
Transition Metals Video created by Isabella
Citations
http://www.chemicalelements.com/ "Chemical Elements.com - An Interactive Periodic Table of the Elements." Chemical Elements.com - An Interactive Periodic Table of the Elements. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2014.
http://education.jlab.org/qa/discover_ele.html "Questions and Answers - Who Discovered the Elements?" Questions and Answers - Who Discovered the Elements? N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2014.
http://www.edu.pe.ca/kish/grassroots/chem/transMet.htm "Transition Metals." Transition Metals. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2014.
http://copperalliance.org/history-of-copper/ "History of Copper." Copper Alliance. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2014.
http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/cu.htm "Copper - Cu." Copper (Cu). N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2014.
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/602775/transition- "Transition Element (chemical Element)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2014.
http://www.chemicool.com/elements/mercury.html "Mercury Element Facts." Chemicool. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2014.
periodic-table/transition-metals/ "Way More than Your Textbook." Boundless. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2014.